Pathology Review: Pediatric Diseases Flashcards
Croup: what type of infection causes laryngotracheobtonchitis?
A viral infection
Croup: what is another name for croup?
Laryngotracheobronchitis (subglottic croup)
Croup: what is the past medical history?
Recent cold that developed gradually into a barking cough
Croup: what is the physical appearance?
Age- 6 months to 6 years old
Accessory muscle usage
Croup: what will be found on a lateral neck x-ray?
Haziness in the SUBGLOTTIC area, steeple point, pencil point
Croup: what is the treatment/management for mild cases?
Temperature control -cool environment Adequate hydration and humidification of inspired air Oxygen therapy 30-40% Cool aerosol mist (face mask, tent) Drug therapy
Croup: what is included in drug therapy?
Racemic Epinephrine
Corticosteroids (last resort)
Croup: what is the treatment/management for severe cases?
Hint: what constitutes a severe case?
Severe respiratory distress and/or marked stridor
Intubation, temperature control, humidification, transfer patient to ICU, place on T-Piece or CPAP
Croup: what is the criteria for intubation?
Lethargic
Severe stridor at rest
Diminished breath sounds
Extreme accessory muscle usage
Croup: what is the criteria for Extubation?
Child’s condition is stable
Air leak around the tube (swelling has gone down)
Epiglottitis: what kind of infection causes this disease?
A bacterial infection
Epiglottitis: what is the past medical history?
SUDDEN onset within 6-8 hours
Epiglottitis: what about the physical appearance?
2-6 years old, lifeless, drooling, inspiratory stridor, dysphagia, tongue thrust forward during inspiration, jaw jutted forward
High fever
Epiglottitis: what will be found on a lateral neck x-ray?
Supraglottic swelling or “thumb sign”
Epiglottitis: what findings will be seen with the CBC?
Elevated WBCs
