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Clinical Simulations > Pathology Review: Obstructive Diseases > Flashcards

Pathology Review: Obstructive Diseases Flashcards

0
Q

Emphysema: Shortness of Breath?

A

Pursed lip breathing

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1
Q

Emphysema: Past Medical History?

A

Smoking

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2
Q

Emphysema: Cough?

A

Productive

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3
Q

Emphysema: Appearance of chest?

A

Barrel Chest

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4
Q

Emphysema: Respiratory Pattern?

A

Accessory Muscle Use

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5
Q

Emphysema: Appearance of nail beds

A

Clubbing

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6
Q

Emphysema: Diagnostic Chest Percussion

A

Hyperresonant/tympanic note

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7
Q

Emphysema: breath sounds

A

Wheezing, diminished breath sounds

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8
Q

Emphysema: what is involved in the Primary Assessment?

A

Past medical history, shortness of breath, cough, appearance of chest and nails, respiratory pattern, breath sounds and diagnostic chest percussion

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9
Q

Emphysema: chest x-ray?

A

Hyperlucent lung fields, flattened diaphragm, long and narrow heart

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10
Q

Emphysema: pulmonary function test

A

Decreased flow rates and decreased DLCO

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11
Q

Emphysema: CBC and Sputum

A

Increased RBC/Hb/Hct and sputum may indicate bacterial infection

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12
Q

Emphysema: what is the treatment/management?

A 
Low flow oxygen therapy at 1-2 L/min (.24-.28)
Antibiotics
Pulmonary Rehab and Home Care
Aerosolized Medications
Consider NIPPV for acute exacerbation of ventilators failure
Annual flu injection
Smoking cessation programs
Pulmonary hygiene
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13
Q

Emphysema: what should an RT consider when it comes to Oxygen Therapy (Decision Making)?

A

Consider oxygen conservation devices (i.e reservoir cannula, transtracheal catheters, for home use)

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14
Q

Chronic bronchitis: what primary assessments will be similar to emphysema?

A

Smoking history, pursed-lip breathing, barrel chest, and hyperresonant/tympanic note

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15
Q

Chronic bronchitis: what is the difference in breath sounds with Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema?

A

Rales and wheezing

16
Q

Chronic bronchitis: in the secondary assessment, what is the only difference between Emphysema?

A

The electrolytes indicate chronic ventilators failure (increased HCO3)

17
Q

Chronic bronchitis: what is first treatment/management option?

A

Pulmonary hygiene therapy

18
Q

Chronic bronchitis: what are all of the treatment/management options for this disease?

A

Pulmonary hygiene therapy, antibiotics for infection, oxygen for hypoxemia, aerosolized medications, NIPPV, smoking cessation programs, and reduce risk factors

19
Q

Bronchiectasis: what is the past medical history?

A

Recurrent pulmonary infections

20
Q

Bronchiectasis: what type of cough will this patient present with?

A

Productive with purulent foul smelling sputum, hemoptysis, and 3 layer sputum

21
Q

Bronchiectasis: what special diagnostic test should be ordered if this disease is suspected?

A

CT Scan or bronchogram indicates a “tree in winter” pattern

22
Q

Bronchiectasis: what is the first treatment option? (Hint: the same as chronic bronchitis)

A

Pulmonary hygiene

23
Q

Bronchiectasis: which aerosolized medication is not indicated for this disease process?

A

No long acting beta 2 agonists

24
Q

Bronchiectasis: what are aloof the treatment options for this disease process?

A

Pulmonary hygiene, antibiotics, aerosolized medication, surgical resection if necessary, and oxygen for hypoxemia

25
Q

Asthma: what antibodies will be increased in the sputum?

A

IgE levels

26
Q

Asthma: what is a vital sign that is unique to this disease process?

A

Pulses paradoxus

27
Q

Asthma: what are the pulmonary function results?

A

Decreased flow rates, normal DLCO, pre and post bronchodilator improvement (at least 12%)

28
Q

Asthma: what are kinds of rescue medications?

A

Short acting Beta 2 Agonists and anticholinergics

29
Q

Asthma: what are examples of controller medications?

A

Long acting Beta 2 Agonists, inhaled corticosteroids, mast cell stabilizers (for prevention)

30
Q

Asthma: what should emergency room treatment for acute episodes include?

A

Oxygen therapy, aerosol therapy with SABA and anticholinergics (consider continuous aerosol therapy), steroids (oral or IV), close monitoring, intubation and mechanical ventilation, consider adjunct therapy: heliox, magnesium sulfate, subcutaneous epinephrine

Clinical Simulations (8 decks)

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