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Clinical Simulations > Pathology Review: Cardiac Diseases > Flashcards

Pathology Review: Cardiac Diseases Flashcards

0
Q

Myocardial Infarction: what will an ABG show?

A

Hypoxemia

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1
Q

Myocardial Infarction: What symptoms will be found on physical appearance and vital signs?

A

Physical Appearance: diaphoretic, anxious, nauseous

Vital Signs: elevated blood pressures, pulse

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2
Q

Myocardial Infarction: what will be found on electrolytes?

A

Hyperkalemia or hypokalemia

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3
Q

Myocardial Infarction: what will be found on the ECG?

A

Arrhythmias with significant Q waves and S-T segment changes

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4
Q

Myocardial Infarction: what is the immediate treatment option?

A

Immediate oxygen therapy at 100%

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5
Q

Myocardial Infarction: what is included in the drug therapy?

A
  • Atropine for bradycardia
  • defibrillate for pulseless ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation
  • nitrates for chest pain
  • aspirin, or anti-arrhythmic agents
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6
Q

Congestive Heart Failure/Pulmonary Edema: what are three signs upon primary assessment?

A

Orthopnea (difficulty breathing but not while sitting up)
Pink frothy secretions
Pedal edema, diaphoresis, anxiety

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7
Q

Congestive Heart Failure/Pulmonary Edema: what will be found on the chest x-ray?

A

Fluffy opacities, butterfly or batwing pattern

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8
Q

Congestive Heart Failure/Pulmonary Edema: What sort of Hemodynamic readings will be present?

A

Increased PCWP and PAP

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9
Q

Congestive Heart Failure/Pulmonary Edema: what is the immediate treatment option?

A

Immediate oxygen therapy at 100%

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10
Q

Congestive Heart Failure/Pulmonary Edema: what else can be utilized in treatment/management?

A

IPPB with 100% oxygen

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11
Q

Congestive Heart Failure/Pulmonary Edema: what is included in drug therapy?

A

Diuretics, positive inotropic agents, analgesics, afterload reduction agents, and electrolyte replacement

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12
Q

Congestive Heart Failure/Pulmonary Edema: what are examples of diuretics?

A
  • furosemide (Lasix)
  • bumex
  • aldactone
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13
Q

Congestive Heart Failure/Pulmonary Edema: what are examples of positive inotropic agents?

A

Digitalis
Digitoxin
Dopamine
Low dose amiodarone

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14
Q

Congestive Heart Failure/Pulmonary Edema: what is an example of an analgesic?

A

Morphine

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15
Q

Congestive Heart Failure/Pulmonary Edema: what are examples of afterload reduction agents?

A

Morphine
Nitroglycerin
Nitroprusside
ACE inhibitors

16
Q

Congestive Heart Failure/Pulmonary Edema: which electrolytes will need replacements?

A

Potassium

Sodium

17
Q

Arrhythmias: what is the treatment for premature ventricular contractions?

A

Treat with oxygen and consider causes

18
Q

Arrhythmias: how should V-fib and pulseless v-tach be treated?

A

Defibrillate at 360 joules

19
Q

Arrhythmias: Which arrythmias are not immediately life threatening?

A

Atrial flutter, fibrillation, and v-tach with a pulse

20
Q

Arrhythmias: what is the treatment/management for atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and v-tach with a pulse?

A

Perform SYNCHRONIZED cardioversion starting at 50-100 joules

21
Q

Shock: what will be seen on physical assessment?

A

Cold, clammy, lethargic, unresponsive, nausea, dizzy, diaphoretic, poor capillary refill

22
Q

Arrhythmias: what will found on vital signs?

A

Tachycardia, hypothermic, hypotensive

23
Q

Arrhythmias: what Hemodynamic findings will there be?

A

Decreased CVP, PAP, PCWP, and QT

24
Q

Arrhythmias: what will be the status if urine output?

A

Decreased

25
Q

Arrhythmias: what are the treatment options?

A

Mechanical ventilation for ventilatory failure

Drug therapy

26
Q

Arrhythmias: what is included in drug therapy?

A

Vasopressors for vasogenic hypovolemia
Digitalis, digitoxin for heart failure
Antibiotics for infection

27
Q

Cor Pulmonale: what will be seen on physical appearance?

A

Distended neck veins, chest pain, peripheral edema

28
Q

Cor Pulmonale: what is the treatment/management?

A

Oxygen therapy
Decrease workload of the right ventricle by lowering pulmonary artery pressure
Drug therapy

29
Q

Cor Pulmonale: what is involved in drug therapy?

A

Digitalis
Diuretics
Pulmonary vasodilators (nitric oxide)

Clinical Simulations (8 decks)

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