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MBIO 3000 > Pathology review > Flashcards

Pathology review Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology

A

the study of disease in which the 1st concern is the etiology and the second is pathogenesis

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2
Q

etiology

A

cause of disease

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3
Q

pathogenesis

A

how a disease develops

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4
Q

What has the scientific community developed to look at what causes disease?

A

Koch’s postulates- follows the germ theory of disease

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5
Q

What are Koch’s postulates?

A
  1. The microbe must be isolated from ALL individuals with the given disease
  2. the microbe must be grown as a pure culture
  3. inoculation of the microbe into a healthy individual should cause the SAME disease symptoms
  4. The SAME organism must be isolated from the newly inoculated individual
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6
Q

Where do Koch’s postulates work?

A

Helicobacetr pylori- bacteria causes gastric ulcers and gastric cancer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis- causes TB

Bacillius anthracis- causes anthrax

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7
Q

What are exceptions to Koch’s postulates?

A

HIV VIRUS: ; only infects humans cannot infect humans with virus that is infectious

Treponema pallidum- bacteria

syphilis- hard to grow and isolate
hard to get a pure culture

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8
Q

Disease

A

noticeable impairment of the body function
1. symptoms and signs

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9
Q

symptoms

A

what the patient feels
- pain malaise
- subjective and can change

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10
Q

sign

A

objective and concrete
can be measured though a direct observation

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11
Q

communicable

A

this is a disease which is spread from one individual to another through either direct or indirect contact
ex- gonorrhea COVID FLU

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12
Q

contagious

A

easily spread
ex- chicken pox covid

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13
Q

non communicable

A

not spread from person to person
ex- tetanus

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14
Q

endemic

A

low and constant levels of the disease in a given population
ex- malaria and HIV

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15
Q

epidemic

A

high numbers of infected people in a given area
short duration
ex- chicken pox in schools

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16
Q

pandemic

A

world wide epidemic
AIDS influenza and COVID

17
Q

acute

A

rapidly developing with a short duration
ex- influenza

18
Q

chronic

A

slow to develop with a continual duration
ex- TB

19
Q

latent

A

inactivated for certain periods of time
- needs to be triggered for reactivation
ex- cold sores chicken pox and shingles (herpes virus)
ex- HIV AIDS

20
Q

Why is tetanus non commmunicable?

A

toxin can’t replicate

21
Q

What was the 1st pandemic?

A

smallpox

22
Q

What criteria has to be met for a pandemic to be declared?

A

10 years ago; every continent in world has to be infected
economics: if a pandemic is called world bank has to make sure all 3rd world countries get vaccines

23
Q

germ theory of disease

A

states that microorganisms known as pathogens or “germs” can lead to disease

these small organisms, too small to be seen without magnification, invade humans, other animals, and other living hosts.

24
Q

List the rules of the binomial system

A

1st decribed by Carl Linnaeus
bactreia fungi animals plants can include viruses
**Genus name is captialized, species name is lower case **
Must be italicized, or underlined
**May be abbreviated after 1st time

25
Q

Why is HIV an exception to Koch’s postulates?

A

b/c we can’t infect humans with it can use SIV instead

26
Q

herd immunity

A
27
Q

What is the duration of acute diseases?

A

equal incubation illness and convalescence period
ORGANISM DISAPPEARS AFTER ILLNESS; USUALLY IMMUNITY TO REINFECTION EXISTS

28
Q

What is the duration of chronic diseases?

A

incubation period, illness
ILLNESS PERSISTS OR RECURS OVER A LONG PERIOD

29
Q

What is the duration of latent diseases?

A

equal incubation period, illness convalescence, latent period-little bit longer, ill may recur if immunity weakens

30
Q

What is meant by latent period?

A

no illness
virus still present but not causing disease in a body

31
Q

What is meant by convalescence?

A

ime spent recovering from an illness or medical treatment

MBIO 3000 (9 decks)

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