Pathology of White Blood Cells, Lymph Nodes, Spleen, and Thymus (Part 1 of 4) Flashcards
What is the common antigen for leukocytes?
CD45
what is the cluster differentiation for early myeloetic lineage cells?
CD34
what is the cluster differentiation for early lymphoblasts?
TdT
what is the marker for B cells? (3)
CD19, CD 20, Pax-5
What is the cluster of differentiation for NK cells?
CD16 and CD56
What is the most common form of leukopenia?
neutropenia
How do you know if someone is neutropenic?
it requires 2 indicies: 1. low total WBC count 2. differential count
What is absolute neutropenia?
when you have a normal WBC count but very low neutrophil count
what is relative neutropenia?
the percentage of neutrophils is low
what is the absolute neutrophil count?
the combined percentage of neutrophils and bands x WBC
what level of an ANC is dangerous?
anything less than 500
what are the reasons behind not enough neutrophils being produced? (3)
drug toxicity, aplastic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia
what are the reasons behind neutrophils being destroyed? (2)
immune destruction (Ab-mediated) and hypersplenism
what happens as a result of neutropenia?
overwhelming infection: bacterial and fungal
what are the febrile neutropenic protocols?
antibiotics and G-CSF
what is leukocytosis?
when there is more than enough WBCs
what could cause increased marrow production of WBCs? (3)
chronic infection/inflammation, paraneoplastic, myeloproliferative neoplasms
what could cause increased release of WBCs from marrow stores? (2)
acute inflammation or chronic inflammation
what could cause decreased margination of WBCs? (2)
exercise and catecholamines
what could cause decreased extravasation into tissues?
glucocorticoids
what is something that could cause neutrophilic leukocytosis?
acute bacterial infections
what could cause eosinophilic leukocytosis? (3)
asthma, parasitic infections, drug reactions
what could cause lymphocytosis?
viral infections
where does the majority of the action take place within the lymph nodes?
in the germinal centers or in the medullary sinuses
what is acute suppurative lymphadenitis?
an acute inflammatory process that is going to produce a lot of pus- due to pyogenic organisms
what is follicular hyperplasia in response to?
viral infections
what is occurring in follicular hyperplasia?
the cells in the germinal centers are expanding
what is sinus histiocytosis?
increased macrophages in lymph node sinuses
when might you see sinus histiocytosis? (2)
malignancy and when there is drainage of foreign material (TATTOO)
what are 3 examples of lymphadenopathy?
acute suppurative lymphadenitis, follicular hyperplasia, sinus histiocytosis
