Pathology of White Blood Cells, Lymph Nodes, Spleen, and Thymus (Part 1 of 4)

Question 1

What is the common antigen for leukocytes?

Answer 1

CD45

Question 2

what is the cluster differentiation for early myeloetic lineage cells?

Answer 2

CD34

Question 3

what is the cluster differentiation for early lymphoblasts?

Answer 3

TdT

Question 4

what is the marker for B cells? (3)

Answer 4

CD19, CD 20, Pax-5

Question 5

What is the cluster of differentiation for NK cells?

Answer 5

CD16 and CD56

Question 6

What is the most common form of leukopenia?

Answer 6

neutropenia

Question 7

How do you know if someone is neutropenic?

Answer 7

it requires 2 indicies: 1. low total WBC count 2. differential count

Question 8

What is absolute neutropenia?

Answer 8

when you have a normal WBC count but very low neutrophil count

Question 9

what is relative neutropenia?

Answer 9

the percentage of neutrophils is low

Question 10

what is the absolute neutrophil count?

Answer 10

the combined percentage of neutrophils and bands x WBC

Question 11

what level of an ANC is dangerous?

Answer 11

anything less than 500

Question 12

what are the reasons behind not enough neutrophils being produced? (3)

Answer 12

drug toxicity, aplastic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia

Question 13

what are the reasons behind neutrophils being destroyed? (2)

Answer 13

immune destruction (Ab-mediated) and hypersplenism

Question 14

what happens as a result of neutropenia?

Answer 14

overwhelming infection: bacterial and fungal

Question 15

what are the febrile neutropenic protocols?

Answer 15

antibiotics and G-CSF

Question 16

what is leukocytosis?

Answer 16

when there is more than enough WBCs

Question 17

what could cause increased marrow production of WBCs? (3)

Answer 17

chronic infection/inflammation, paraneoplastic, myeloproliferative neoplasms

Question 18

what could cause increased release of WBCs from marrow stores? (2)

Answer 18

acute inflammation or chronic inflammation

Question 19

what could cause decreased margination of WBCs? (2)

Answer 19

exercise and catecholamines

Question 20

what could cause decreased extravasation into tissues?

Answer 20

glucocorticoids

Question 21

what is something that could cause neutrophilic leukocytosis?

Answer 21

acute bacterial infections

Question 22

what could cause eosinophilic leukocytosis? (3)

Answer 22

asthma, parasitic infections, drug reactions

Question 23

what could cause lymphocytosis?

Answer 23

viral infections

Question 24

where does the majority of the action take place within the lymph nodes?

Answer 24

in the germinal centers or in the medullary sinuses

Question 25

what is acute suppurative lymphadenitis?

Answer 25

an acute inflammatory process that is going to produce a lot of pus- due to pyogenic organisms

Question 26

what is follicular hyperplasia in response to?

Answer 26

viral infections

Question 27

what is occurring in follicular hyperplasia?

Answer 27

the cells in the germinal centers are expanding

Question 28

what is sinus histiocytosis?

Answer 28

increased macrophages in lymph node sinuses

Question 29

when might you see sinus histiocytosis? (2)

Answer 29

malignancy and when there is drainage of foreign material (TATTOO)

Question 30

what are 3 examples of lymphadenopathy?

Answer 30

acute suppurative lymphadenitis, follicular hyperplasia, sinus histiocytosis