Pathology of the Thyroid Gland - Functional

Question 1

Lymphocytic infiltrates and Hurthle cells are histologic characteristics of this thyroid disorder.

Answer 1

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 2

This is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide.

Answer 2

Iodide deficiency

Question 3

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is associated with what thyroid disorder?

Answer 3

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 4

What antibodies are present in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis?

Answer 4

Anti-thyroid peroxidase & anti-thyroglobulin antibodies

Question 5

What is cretinism?

Answer 5

A severe form of hypothyroidism seen in children

Question 6

This thyroid disorder presents with diffuse papillary hyperplasia and colloid-scalloped borders on histology.

Answer 6

Grave’s disease

Question 7

A female patient presents with dyspnea and dysphagia. Examination reveals a hard thyroid that adheres to adjacent structures. What histologic findings would be present given the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 7

Reidel’s thyroiditis - fibrous replacement of the thyroid with chronic inflammation

Question 8

These haplotypes are associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis.

Answer 8

HLA-DR3 & DR5

Question 9

This IgG autoantibody is found in patients with Grave’s disease.

Answer 9

Thyroid receptor stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI)

Question 10

This is a severe form of hypothyroidism seen in adults.

Answer 10

Myxedema

Question 11

This is the most sensitive test for hyperthyroidism.

Answer 11

TSH - decreased in cases of primary hyperthyroidism and increased with secondary hyperthyroidism

Question 12

A patient presents with a painful thyroid, fever, and myalgia. PMH is significant for a viral URI that resolved five days ago. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 12

Granulomatous thyroiditis (subacute thyroiditis)

Question 13

What lab results would be expected in a patient with a diffuse multinodular goiter?

Answer 13

Normal T3, T4, and TSH