Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience Block 4 > Pathology of the Eye > Flashcards

Pathology of the Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Proptosis can commonly be caused by what?

A

Enlargement of the lacrimal gland.

Tumors of optic nerve

Thyroid opthalmopathy - Graves disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some complications of proptosis?

A

corneal ulceration, opacity, defective vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Exopthalmus

A

abnormal bulging of the eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Conjunctivitis.

A

inflammation of conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is conjunctivitis usually caused?

A

viral

bacterial
Gonococci- Neonatal conjunctivitis

parasitic
Loa Loa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clinical features of conjunctivitis.

A

redness, discharge, exudate bacterial, Pain, difficulty in vision, photophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is trachoma?

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis leading to scarring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is trachoma caused by?

A

Caused by Gram – ve , Chlamydia Trachomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the prescription of trachoma?

A

Rx – SAFE- S- Surgical care A- Antibiotic F- Facial cleanliness E- Environmental improvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Similarities of Pinguecula and Pterygium.

A

Submucosal elevations on the conjunctiva.

Result from actinic damage,

Located in the sun-exposed regions of the conjunctiva (i.e. interpalpebral fissure).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pinguecula.

A

It is a small, yellowish thickened submucosal elevation of conjunctive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Does pinguecula invade the cornea?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pinguecula is an accumulation of what type of damage to collagen?

A

sun-damaged collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can pinguecula lead to?

A

May lead to foreign body granulomatous reaction against the elastotic collagen: actinic granuloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does pterygium typically originate and travel?

A

Typically originates in conjunctiva moves on the limbus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is pterygium?

A

It is a submucosal growth of fibro-vascular connective tissue that migrates onto the cornea, dissecting into Bowman’s layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Does pterygium cross the pupillary axis?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can pterygium lead to?

A

mild astigmatism, No visual loss/ defect. Irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Those who suffer with pterygium may be at risk for what?

A

actinic-induced neoplasms – squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Does the cornea have blood supply?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The cornea having no blood supply makes it good for what? (think surgery)

A

graft acceptance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Neovascularization and inflammation of the cornea may lead to what appearance of the cornea?

A

opacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are corneal dystrophies? How does it affect both eyes typically? Is it hereditary? Characteristic appearance?

A

Genetic, bilateral and hereditary

abnormal deposition in Descemet’s membrane creating loss of the endothelial layer of cornea > fluid able to pass out clouding cornea

Ground glass appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fuchs Endothelial dystrophy?

A

Loss endothelium , edema , thickening of stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Abnormal deposition in Descemet’s membrane

A characteristic ground glass appearance

Guttata

Are all characteristics of what condition?

A

corneal degenerations and dystrophies

26
Q

What is calcific band keratopathy? (What is a comorbidity)

A
  1. Calcific band keratopathy- Deposition of calcium in Bowman layer and with chronic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
27
Q

Actinic band keratopathy is caused by what?

A

Damage to the cornea caused by chronic exposure to UV lights

28
Q

What is the prescription for corneal degenerations?

A

corneal transplant

29
Q

What is keratoconus?

A

Progressive thinning and ectasia of cornea without evidence of inflammation or vascularization

30
Q

What are the characteristics of keratoconus?

A

loss of normal concave shape

conical shaped cornea

31
Q

Cataract

A

Opacity/ clouding of the lens inside the eye causing diminished vision.

32
Q

What is the condition that is considered the most common cause of blindness?

A

cataract

33
Q

Causes of cataracts.

A 
Radiation– UV light, X ray,      
Inflammation
Trauma
DM, Leprosy, Hypothyroid
Hyperthyroidism, 
Downs syndrome, Wilson disease
34
Q

What eye condition is associated with ichthyosis?

A

cataract

35
Q

Habits that can percipitate cataract?

A

smoking alcohol

36
Q

Drugs the can precipitate cataracts.

A

Corticosteroids, antipsychotic drugs

37
Q

the “silent thief of sight”

A

glaucoma

38
Q

2nd leading cause of blindness?

A

glaucoma

39
Q

Symptoms of glaucoma.

A

Sudden ocular pain, nausea, vomiting,
Hallo around light
loss of vision.

40
Q

Secondary glaucoma can be caused by what?

A

prolonged use of steroids (steroid-induced glaucoma)

Severe diabetic retinopathy

Systemic hyperT

Uveitis

Central retinal vein occlusion (neo-vascular glaucoma)

41
Q

Gonioscopy

A

Changes in size/shape of the eye, anterior chamber angle examination.

42
Q

Ophthalmoscopy

A

optic nerve observation

43
Q

What is a cause of retinopathies?

A

Prolonged DM more than 10 years, 80% suffer Diabetic retinopathy

Microangiopathy – Arteriosclerosis, neo- vascularization, Dilatation, hemorrhage,

44
Q

Characteristic features of retinopathies when eye is viewed.

A

Exudate – cotton wool appearance.

Retinal hemorrhage

Retinal Detachment , fibrosis.

45
Q

Another name for eyelid tumor?

A

basal cell carcinoma

46
Q

How do you treat orbital lymphoma?

A

Rx with chemo./ radiation .

47
Q

What is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults? Where does this tumor occur?

A

melanoma

Occur in the choroid, iris and ciliary body

48
Q

What is the most common malignant tumor in children?

A

retinoblastoma

49
Q

Is distant metastasis often observed in basal cell carcinoma?

A

no

50
Q

Adnexal tumors of the eye.

A

The eyelid adnexal tumors may be classified as cystic lesions and benign and malignant solid lesions.

51
Q

Adnexal eye tumors are secondary to what conditions?

A

breast cancer, lung cancer

52
Q

What is a benign form of adnexal tumors?

A

dermoid cysts

53
Q

What can adnexal eye tumors lead to?

A

May lead to diplopia and loss of vision, Exopthalmus

54
Q

What gene is mutated when one has retinoblastoma?

A

Chr. 13 (Rb gene)

55
Q

Which cancer has one of the best cure rates of all childhood cancers in developed countries?

A

retinoblastoma

56
Q

Rx for retinoblastoma.

A 
Varies from country to country.
Chemotherapy
Cryotherapy
Laser therapy
Surgical removal.
Common- Enucleation and radiotherapy
57
Q

What is the most common intraocular primary malignant cancer in adults?

A

uveal melanoma

58
Q

Where is the mutation in uveal melanoma?

A

mutation in protoncogenes

59
Q

What is the presentation of uveal melanoma?

A

pigmented lesion at choroid plexus

60
Q

How is uveal melanoma spread?

A

Spread through Hematogenous – Liver (Tumor specific metastatic tropism)

Neuroscience Block 4 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions