Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuroscience Block 4 > Pathology of the Eye > Flashcards

Pathology of the Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Proptosis can commonly be caused by what?

A

Enlargement of the lacrimal gland.

Tumors of optic nerve

Thyroid opthalmopathy - Graves disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some complications of proptosis?

A

corneal ulceration, opacity, defective vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Exopthalmus

A

abnormal bulging of the eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Conjunctivitis.

A

inflammation of conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is conjunctivitis usually caused?

A

viral

bacterial
Gonococci- Neonatal conjunctivitis

parasitic
Loa Loa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clinical features of conjunctivitis.

A

redness, discharge, exudate bacterial, Pain, difficulty in vision, photophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is trachoma?

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis leading to scarring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is trachoma caused by?

A

Caused by Gram – ve , Chlamydia Trachomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the prescription of trachoma?

A

Rx – SAFE- S- Surgical care A- Antibiotic F- Facial cleanliness E- Environmental improvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Similarities of Pinguecula and Pterygium.

A

Submucosal elevations on the conjunctiva.

Result from actinic damage,

Located in the sun-exposed regions of the conjunctiva (i.e. interpalpebral fissure).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pinguecula.

A

It is a small, yellowish thickened submucosal elevation of conjunctive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Does pinguecula invade the cornea?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pinguecula is an accumulation of what type of damage to collagen?

A

sun-damaged collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can pinguecula lead to?

A

May lead to foreign body granulomatous reaction against the elastotic collagen: actinic granuloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does pterygium typically originate and travel?

A

Typically originates in conjunctiva moves on the limbus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is pterygium?

A

It is a submucosal growth of fibro-vascular connective tissue that migrates onto the cornea, dissecting into Bowman’s layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Does pterygium cross the pupillary axis?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can pterygium lead to?

A

mild astigmatism, No visual loss/ defect. Irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Those who suffer with pterygium may be at risk for what?

A

actinic-induced neoplasms – squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Does the cornea have blood supply?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The cornea having no blood supply makes it good for what? (think surgery)

A

graft acceptance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Neovascularization and inflammation of the cornea may lead to what appearance of the cornea?

A

opacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are corneal dystrophies? How does it affect both eyes typically? Is it hereditary? Characteristic appearance?

A

Genetic, bilateral and hereditary

abnormal deposition in Descemet’s membrane creating loss of the endothelial layer of cornea > fluid able to pass out clouding cornea

Ground glass appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fuchs Endothelial dystrophy?

A

Loss endothelium , edema , thickening of stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Abnormal deposition in Descemet's membrane A characteristic ground glass appearance Guttata Are all characteristics of what condition?
corneal degenerations and dystrophies
26
What is calcific band keratopathy? (What is a comorbidity)
1. Calcific band keratopathy- Deposition of calcium in Bowman layer and with chronic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
27
Actinic band keratopathy is caused by what?
Damage to the cornea caused by chronic exposure to UV lights
28
What is the prescription for corneal degenerations?
corneal transplant
29
What is keratoconus?
Progressive thinning and ectasia of cornea without evidence of inflammation or vascularization
30
What are the characteristics of keratoconus?
loss of normal concave shape conical shaped cornea
31
Cataract
Opacity/ clouding of the lens inside the eye causing diminished vision.
32
What is the condition that is considered the most common cause of blindness?
cataract
33
Causes of cataracts.
``` Radiation– UV light, X ray, Inflammation Trauma DM, Leprosy, Hypothyroid Hyperthyroidism, Downs syndrome, Wilson disease ```
34
What eye condition is associated with ichthyosis?
cataract
35
Habits that can percipitate cataract?
smoking alcohol
36
Drugs the can precipitate cataracts.
Corticosteroids, antipsychotic drugs
37
the "silent thief of sight"
glaucoma
38
2nd leading cause of blindness?
glaucoma
39
Symptoms of glaucoma.
Sudden ocular pain, nausea, vomiting, Hallo around light loss of vision.
40
Secondary glaucoma can be caused by what?
prolonged use of steroids (steroid-induced glaucoma) Severe diabetic retinopathy Systemic hyperT Uveitis Central retinal vein occlusion (neo-vascular glaucoma)
41
Gonioscopy
Changes in size/shape of the eye, anterior chamber angle examination.
42
Ophthalmoscopy
optic nerve observation
43
What is a cause of retinopathies?
Prolonged DM more than 10 years, 80% suffer Diabetic retinopathy Microangiopathy – Arteriosclerosis, neo- vascularization, Dilatation, hemorrhage,
44
Characteristic features of retinopathies when eye is viewed.
Exudate -- cotton wool appearance. Retinal hemorrhage Retinal Detachment , fibrosis.
45
Another name for eyelid tumor?
basal cell carcinoma
46
How do you treat orbital lymphoma?
Rx with chemo./ radiation .
47
What is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults? Where does this tumor occur?
melanoma Occur in the choroid, iris and ciliary body
48
What is the most common malignant tumor in children?
retinoblastoma
49
Is distant metastasis often observed in basal cell carcinoma?
no
50
Adnexal tumors of the eye.
The eyelid adnexal tumors may be classified as cystic lesions and benign and malignant solid lesions.
51
Adnexal eye tumors are secondary to what conditions?
breast cancer, lung cancer
52
What is a benign form of adnexal tumors?
dermoid cysts
53
What can adnexal eye tumors lead to?
May lead to diplopia and loss of vision, Exopthalmus
54
What gene is mutated when one has retinoblastoma?
Chr. 13 (Rb gene)
55
Which cancer has one of the best cure rates of all childhood cancers in developed countries?
retinoblastoma
56
Rx for retinoblastoma.
``` Varies from country to country. Chemotherapy Cryotherapy Laser therapy Surgical removal. Common- Enucleation and radiotherapy ```
57
What is the most common intraocular primary malignant cancer in adults?
uveal melanoma
58
Where is the mutation in uveal melanoma?
mutation in protoncogenes
59
What is the presentation of uveal melanoma?
pigmented lesion at choroid plexus
60
How is uveal melanoma spread?
Spread through Hematogenous – Liver (Tumor specific metastatic tropism)

Neuroscience Block 4 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions