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Neuroscience Block 4 > Neural Infections > Flashcards

Neural Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are some direct routes of nerual infection?

A

inoculation (ex. penetrating injury)

trans-neural (ex. HSV)

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2
Q

What are some indirect modes of neural infection?

A

hematogenous (ex. septicemia)

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3
Q

Color of CSF in acute bacterial meningitis?

A

turbid

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4
Q

Protein level in CSF of those suffering from acute bacterial meningitis?

A

very high

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5
Q

Pressure levels in acute bacterial meningitis?

A

moderately high

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6
Q

Describe healing complications in acute bacterial meningitis.

A

May heal with complete resolution but can heal with fibrosis and hydrocephalus

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7
Q

Describe how the gross pathology or how the brain appears when one has acute bacterial meningitis.

A

purulent yellow-tan clouding of meninges and swelling/ hemorrhagic appearance of brain

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8
Q

What are some origins of acute abscess?

A

sinusitis, penetrating trauma, mastoiditis

Heamatogenous
Location: is anywhere in brain

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9
Q

Presentation of acute abscess? (signs symptoms)

A

fever, headache, lethargy

Seizure

signs of increased intracranial pressure

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10
Q

Which neural infection is Lumbar puncture for sure contraindicated?

A

acute brain abscess

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11
Q

What are the causitive agents we discussed for chronic bacterial meningitis?

A

Tuberculosis
Syphilis
Neuroborelliosis** (a.k.a Lyme disease of the CNS)

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12
Q

Tuberculous meningitis is common in what type of patients?

A

HIV/AIDS

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13
Q

What are the lesion types in Tuberculous meningitis?

A

Solitary Tuberculoma (caseous encapsulated mass)

Multiple Tuberculoma of the brain and /or meninges (Associated with miliary Tb)

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14
Q

Color of CSF in tuberculous meningitis?

A

turbid

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15
Q

Protein level of CSF in Tuberculous meningitis?

A

very high

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16
Q

What specialized test can you use to ID tuberculous meningitis?

A

Ziehl Neelson stain positive for AFB

17
Q

Color of CSF in one who has neurosyphilis?

A

clear

18
Q

Protein in CSF in one with Neurosyphilis.

A

moderately high

19
Q

What specialized test can you use for Neurosyphilis.

A

VDRL

20
Q

What is neuroborreliosis caused from?

A

secondary to bites from lxodes (hard tick) Lyme disease

21
Q

CSF color presentation and protein levels in a patient with Neuroborreliosis.

A

CSF: clear

Protein in CSF: moderately high

22
Q

Special tests that can be used to ID Neuroborreliosis.

A

Elisa and Western blot for spirochete DNA

23
Q

Fungal meningitis usually is present in what type of patients?

A

immunocompromised

24
Q

Common causative agents in fungal meningitis.

A

Cryptococcus neoformans esp. in AIDS patients

Other organisms include: Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides
acquired by inhaling soil or air
contaminated with bird and/or bat
droppings.

25
Q

Presentation Fungal meningitis.

A

Insidious with headache, vomiting, nausea, diplopia and lethargy. Patient afebrile.

26
Q

CSF color and protein levels in fungal infections.

A

Color: clear to slightly turbid
Protein: moderately high

27
Q

Origin of acute viral meningitis/encephalitis.

A

Primary respiratory infection, Fecal-oral infection (e.g., Polio)

Animal/Bird host-human transmission (e.g., Rabies, West Nile virus encephalitis)

Blood borne: Viraemia

28
Q

Which virus can cause meningitis?

A

Herpes Zoster

Herpes simplex

29
Q

Where does HZV lie dormant?

A

in DRG and reappears immunocompromised patients

30
Q

Viral meningitis CSF color and protein levels.

A

Color: clear or slightly turbid
Protein: normal or slightly high

31
Q

Because you can’t do a Gram Stain to find a virus in a patient what other test can be done?

A

PCR

32
Q

Can sudden death occur in a patient who has cranial poliomyelitis?

A

yes

33
Q

Another name for prion disease.

A

spongiform encephalopathies

34
Q

CJD is a presentation of what type of disease?

A

Prion disease

35
Q

What marker can you look for to diagnose someone with prions disease?

A

14-3-3 marker for neuronal loss in CJD

Neuroscience Block 4 (6 decks)

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