Pathology of the Endocrine System

Question 1

A rare life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism.

Answer 1

Thyroid Storm

Question 2

The excess secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland causes acromegaly and gigantism.

Answer 2

Hyperpituitarism

Question 3

A benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin.

Answer 3

Prolactinoma

Question 4

Lumps in the thyroid that can grow large enough to cause a goiter.

Answer 4

Thyroid Nodules

Question 5

Is the most common cancer of the endocrine system. It has a high survival rate and affects more women than men.

Answer 5

Thyroid carcinoma

Question 6

A condition in which an excess of prolactin causes the breasts to produce milk spontaneously, not due to childbirth.

Answer 6

Galactorrhea

Question 7

Is a tumor of the pineal gland that can disrupt the production of melatonin.

Answer 7

Pinealoma

Question 8

Is a congenital form of hypothyroidism (or lack of thyroid secretion). If treatment is not started soon after birth, it can affect the physical and mental development.

Answer 8

Cretinism

Question 9

An autoimmune disease in which the body’s own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland.

Answer 9

Hashimoto’s Disease

Question 10

Is a rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the hands and feet. It is caused by the excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty.

Answer 10

Acromegaly

Question 11

Is the early onset of the changes of puberty, usually before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys.

Answer 11

Precocious Puberty

Question 12

Abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood.

Answer 12

Hypocalcemia

Question 13

Abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood instead of being stored in the bones and teeth.

Answer 13

Hypercalcemia

Question 14

aka “thyromegaly”. It is an abnormal benign enlargement of the thyroid gland. The enlargement produces a swelling in the front of the neck.

Answer 14

Goiter

Question 15

Is a benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin.

Answer 15

Insulinoma

Question 16

aka “diabetic ketoacidosis”. Caused by very high blood glucose.

Answer 16

Diabetic Coma

Question 17

Occurs when adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone.

Answer 17

Addison’s Disease

Question 18

Is an abnormality of the electrolyte balance caused by the excessive secretion of aldosterone.

Answer 18

Aldosteronism

Question 19

A disorder of the adrenal glands that is caused by the excessive production of aldosterone.

Answer 19

Conn’s Syndrome

Question 20

A condition in which the blood glucose level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes.

Answer 20

Prediabetes

Question 21

A condition of excessive mammary development in the male. This is caused by a decrease in testosterone.

Answer 21

Gynecomastia