Pathology of Ischemic CV Disease

Question 1

What are the major anatomic components of elastic arteries?

Answer 1

Accommodates/dampens pulsatile blood flow

e.g. aorta

Question 2

What are the major anatomic components of muscular arteries?

Answer 2

Regulates blood flow

• Vasoconstriction/dilation
• E.g. renal arteries

Question 3

What is cystic medial necrosis?

Answer 3

a

Question 4

What is the primary complication associated with cystic medial necrosis?

Answer 4

a

Question 5

What are the diseases associated with elastic fiber and collagen synthesis defects that can manifest with cystic medial necrosis?

Answer 5

a

Question 6

a

Answer 6

a

Question 7

Define arteriosclerosis

Answer 7

a

Question 8

What are the two subcategories of arteriosclerosis?

Answer 8

a

Question 9

What is the disease process of arteriolosclerotic disease?

Answer 9

a

Question 10

What is the disease process of atherosclerotic disease

Answer 10

• Focal chronic endothelial injury
• Lipoproteins trapped in vessel wall
• Cellular interactions w/ macros, lymphocytes (rxn to lipoproteins)
• Proliferation of SMCs

Question 11

What are the risk factors for developing arteriosclerotic disease?

Answer 11

a

Question 12

What are the risk factors for developing atherosclerotic disease?

Answer 12

a

Question 13

What are the complications associated with arteriosclerotic disease?

Answer 13

a

Question 14

What are the complications associated with atherosclerotic disease?

Answer 14

a

Question 15

Define aneurysm

Answer 15

• Weakening of vessel wall

Causes:

• Trauma
• Local infections (mycotic)
• Congenital defects (berry)
• Arteriovenous aneurysms

Question 16

What are the two disease processes involved in aneurysm formation?

Answer 16

• HTN

- Atherosclerosis

Question 17

Define pseudo-aneurysm

Answer 17

• actual wall is fine

- outside tissue has formed a hematoma

Question 18

What is an example of a pseudo-aneurysm

Answer 18

Hematoma

Question 19

Define the term dissection with respect to the aorta or other arteries

Answer 19

aortic dissection?

Question 20

What is the key disease process underlying dissection (hypertension -> cystic medial necrosis)?

Answer 20

a

Question 21

What are the sites where dissecting blood may drain into?

Answer 21

• Pericardium
• Thorax
• Peritoneum

?

Question 22

What are the names of when is present in the pericardium, thorax, and peritoneum?

Answer 22

• Hemopericardium
• Hemothorax
• Hemoperitoneum

Question 23

What is a manifestation of tertiary syphilis? (think vessels)

Answer 23

Ascending aorta/aortic arch aneurysm

Question 24

What are the names of types of vessels comprising key vascular malformations?

Answer 24

a

Question 25

Where is common place for aneurysms to form?

Answer 25

at bifurcations!

Question 26

Define hemorrhage

Answer 26

bleeding

Question 27

Describe hypertensive hemorrhage

Answer 27

a

Question 28

What is an example of a benign vascular neoplasm? How is it developed?

Answer 28

a

Question 29

What are the names of two malignant vascular neoplasms?

Answer 29

a

Question 30

Which virus is associated with AAA neoplasm?

Answer 30

a

Question 31

What are two processes that can lead to total occlusion of a coronary artery with critical atherosclerotic disease and that can result in downstream ischemia?

Answer 31

a

Question 32

Describe the window in which myocardial cells might tolerate ischemia

Answer 32

20-30 minutes

Question 33

What is a drug that if abused can lead to coronary artery spasm/constriction on a normal or diseased coronary artery?

Answer 33

a

Question 34

What are enzymes/proteins present in cardiac muscles that can be evaluated with respect to proving/disproving the clinical hypothesis of MI?

Answer 34

a

Question 35

Describe the pathology underlying typical/stable angina

Answer 35

a

Question 36

Describe the pathology underlying unstable/crescendo angina

Answer 36

a

Question 37

What are the major findings in initial MI (macroscopic and microscopic)?

Answer 37

a

Question 38

Describe the pathophysiology of subendocardial infarct

Answer 38

a

Question 39

Describe the pathophysiology of transmural infarct

Answer 39

a

Question 40

What are the negative outcomes of MI as it relates to electrical activity of myocardium, myocardial defects and deficits, and pericardial reactive or autoimmune process.?

Answer 40

s

Question 41

a

Answer 41

a

Question 42

a

Answer 42

a

Question 43

What are the complications associated with aneurysms?

Answer 43

a

Question 44

What are the complications associated with ventricular wall rupture?

Answer 44

a

Question 45

What are the complications associated with papillary muscle infarction?

Answer 45

a

Question 46

What are the complications associated with pericarditis?

Answer 46

a