Pathology of Endocrine System Flashcards
What is Diabetes Insipidus?
Inadequate production/release of ADH (Vasopressin). It means the animal cannot concentrate the urine, and so it is always has hypotonic (dilute) urine.
What is Central Diabetes Insipidus?
Problem with pituitary releasing Vasopressin.
What is Nephrotic Diabetes Insipidus?
Problem with Kidney responding to Vasopressin.
What are the clinical signs of Diabetes insipidus?
PU/PD
How can you diagnose Diabetes Insipidus?
Water deprivation test. In healthy, urine will concentrate, but in DI, it will not cause urine to concentrate.
What test can be used to tell the difference between central and nephrotic diabetes insipidus?
ADH can be administered. If problem is central, kidney will respond by concentrating urine. If it is nephrotic, kidney will not respond and urine will not dilute.
What are the main clinical signs associated with hypothyroidism?
Increase body weight, loss of fertility, bilateral alopecia, hyperkeratosis, hyperpigmentation, Myxoedema, ‘Sad’ expression.
How can hypothyroidism cause goitre?
A build up of Colloid can cause goitre in hypothyroidism.
What are the main clinical signs of Hyperthyroidism?
Weight loss, poor coat, increase appetite, nervousness, increase heart rate.
What does Calcitonin do? Where it it from?
Calcitonin decreases blood calcium. It is secreted from the thyroid gland.
What does Parathyroid hormone do?
It increases blood calcium, by causing bone resorption and causing resorption of calicum and loss of phosphate from kidney.
How can end kidney disease lead to Hyperparathyroidism?
Kidney cannot excrete enough PO4, so in blood it combines with Ca. This decreases Ca, so increase PTH. More bone resorbed (Fibrous Osteodystrophy’) and attempt to excrete more calcium.
What clinical signs would be associated with hyperparathyroidism?
‘Rubber Jaw’ Fibrous osteodystrophy as more bone resorbed, also get calcification as CaPO4 deposited.
What are the main clinical signs associated with Addison’s disease? What it is?
Hypoadrenocorticism. Increased K, so bradycardia. Dehydration due to excess secretion of water and Na. Underperfusion.
What are the main symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome?
Hyperadrenocorticism (excess cortisol). Straight leg stance, pot belly, Bilateral alopecia, Hyperpigmentation. Impaired wound healing.
