Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Flashcards
How do the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary connect?
Hypothalamus secretes into the Median eminence, which has a vascular link to the A.P. via Hypophyseal portal system.
How many nuclei does the Hypothalamus have?
6
What is SF-1? Why is it important?
Steroidogenic Factor 1. It is important for sex differentiation in Ventro-medial nucleus of Hypothalamus.
What are the main hormones released from the hypothalamus? (7)
GHRH, TRH, CRH, SST, DA, GnRH, Vasopressin.
What is GnRH? What kind of hormone is it? Where is it from? What is it’s receptor? What does it do?
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone. It is a peptide hormone from the Hypothalamus. It uses a GPCR to act on the A.P and effect LH and FSH release. Its receptor cannot be switched off, as it is missing a C terminal tail.
What is GHRH? What kind of hormone is it? Where is it from? What is it’s receptor? What does it do?
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone. It is a peptide hormone released from the Hypothalamus. It controls the secretion of Growth Hormone from A.P.
What is Somatostatin? What kind of hormone is it? Where is it from? What is it’s receptor? What does it do?
Somatostatin is a peptide hormone from the Hypothalamus (also made in delta cells of Pancreas). It has GPCR. It negatively affects GH and TSH release.
What is TRH? What kind of hormone is it? Where is it from? What is it’s receptor? What does it do?
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone. It is a peptide hormome from the Hypothalamus. It acts via GPCR. It positively acts on TSH and PRL secretion from A.P.
What is DA? What kind of hormone is it? Where is it from? What is it’s receptor? What does it do?
Dopamine is a peptide hormone released from the Hypothalamus. It has a GPCR. It tonically inhibits prolactin (decrease DA, decrease PRL).
What is CRH/CRF? What kind of hormone is it? Where is it from? What is it’s receptor? What does it do?
Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone/Factor. It is a peptide hormone which acts on A.P. to cause positive secretion of MSH and ACTH.
What are the two parts of the pituitary gland?
Anterior and Posterior
Where do the two parts of the Pituitary develop from?
Anterior - Oral Ectoderm
Posterior - Neuroectoderm
What hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?
Oxytocin, Vasopressin
What are the 5 important cell types in the anterior pituitary?
Gonadotroph, Lactotroph, Corticotroph, Thyrotroph, Somatotroph
What are the main anterior pituitary hormones? (7)
LH, FSH, TSH, ACTH, MSH, GH, PRL