Pathology of Biliary Disease

Question 1

clinical presentation of cholelithiasis

Answer 1

stone in hartmann pouch (causes spasm)
sites of pain in biliary colic
patient constant moves and looks for relieving position

Question 2

risk factors of cholelithiasis

Answer 2

fat, drugs
fertile
forty or older
female
familial genetics
primary/ secondary hemolytic anemia
cirrhosis of liver

Question 3

types of cholelithiasis

Answer 3

cholesterol stones- usually mixed
pigment gallstones- brown: infection in CBD, black: chronic extravascular hemolytic anemia

Question 4

cholesterol to bile ratio

Answer 4

increased cholesterol and decreased bile leads to formation of tiny stones and with accumulation of cholesterol and pigments which enlarges these stones which gets them stuck in gall bladder

Question 5

where would the gallstone become stuck

Answer 5

gallbladder
cystic duct
common bile/hepatic duct
ampulla
intrahepatic

Question 6

complications of gallstones

Answer 6

common bile duct gallstone- obstructs bile flow, jaundice, ascending infection, acute pancreatitis
(terminal) cystic duct obstruction- hydrops (and jaundice)
common duct obstruction- jaundice

Question 7

what is hydrops

Answer 7

when chronic obstruction of cystic duct causes reabsorption of gall bladder contents which enlarges gall bladder due to extra production of clear fluids (hydrops) or mucus (mucocele)