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Reproductive > Pathology - Female > Flashcards

Pathology - Female Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of primary amenorrhea

A

Turner’s Syndrome (XO)

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2
Q

Second most common cause of primary amenorrhea

A

Mullerian Agenesis (a/w ectopic kidneys)

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3
Q

Involuntary spasm of the muscles of the pelvic floor –> pain

A

Vaginismus

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4
Q

Cells infected w/ HPV

A

Koilocytes

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5
Q

Cx a/w mothers who took DES (diethylstilbestrol) during pregnancy to prevent miscarriage

A

Clear Cell Adenoma

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6
Q

Cervical motion tenderness

A

Chandeleir sign (PID)

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7
Q

PID w/ right upper quadrant tenderness from bacterial transmigration to liver capsule

A

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

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8
Q

Presence of entometrial tissue outside of the uterus; transvaginal sonogram can detect endometriotic cysts
Ovaries > pouch of Douglass

A

endometriosis

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9
Q

Endometrial glands & stroma within the myometrium of the uterus

A

Adenomyositis

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10
Q

Proliferation of endometrial glands & stroma in galnd> stroma due to unopposed estrogen on endometrial tissue

A

endometrial hyperplasia (simple vs. complex and Atypia vs no atypia

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11
Q

2 kinds of endometrial cancera

A

Endometrioid (from endometrial hyperplasia, due to unopposed estrogen)

Papillary serous & clear cell - poorly differentiated cancers that do not arise from endometrial hyperplasia (more aggressive tumors)

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12
Q

Major reason for post-menopausal bleeding

A

endometrial cancer

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13
Q

Arise from mesenchymal cells of the myometrium (NOT pre-existing leiomyomas) - pleomorphic spindle cells w/ mitosis

A

leiomyosarcoma

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14
Q

result of the fertilization of an empty ovum by 2 sperm or by haploid sperm, divides nuclear material and forms diploid chromosomes
Increased maternal age is a risk factor
46,XX or 46XY
first trimester bleeding, symptoms of preeclampsia
excessive elevation of HCG > Hyperthyroidism
greater risk of malignancy
Completeley paternal in origin
15-20% chance of malignancy

A

complete mole

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15
Q

Benign tumor of the chorionic villus resulting from abnormal fertilization of an ovum, characterized by proliferation of trophoblastic cells

A

Hydatiform mole

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16
Q

Results from fertilization of a normal ovum by 2 sperm, triploid chromosomes (69,XXY,XXX, XYY) - both maternal and paternal in origin, some identifiable fetal parts present
more rare, elevations in HCG
Rarely malignant

A

incomplete mole

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17
Q

Most common cause of bloody nipple discharge in patient <50 y/o
double layered epitheliual cells overlying myoepithelial layer within lactiferous duct or sinus

A

Intraductal papilloma

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18
Q

Most common fibrocystic change, increase in fibrous stroma a/w dilation of ducts, formation of cysts w/o hyperplasia; can calcify & appear radiodense

A

non-proliferative, cysts and fibrosis

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19
Q

most common benign tumor of breast in women <25 y/o; caused by increase in estrogen; firm, solitary, discrete movable mass

A

Fibroadenoma

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20
Q

Arises from intralobular stroma (rarely from pre-existing fibroadenoma) - can grow to a massive size; leaf-like clefts; no ductal invasion, no bleeding
15% are malignant, <15% metastasize

A

phyllodes

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21
Q

Usually arises from the major ducts, non-palpable, commonly w/ microcalcifications, 1/3 will eventually invade, lumpectomy

A

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

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22
Q

Involves terminal lobular unit; non-palapable; signet rings are common; usually estrogen & progesterone +, 1/3 cases invade, 50-75% increase risk of cx in oppo breast

A

Lobular Carcinoma in situ (LCIS)

23
Q

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: young, better prognosis, a/w BRAC1; sheet-like growth w/ no alveolar ducts or alveolar pattern
lack estrogen/ progesterone receptors

A

medullary

24
Q

Invastive ductal tubules
well-formed tubules
young, better prognosis
estrogen/ progesterone +

A

Tubular

25
Q

Ductal Carcinoma
surrounded by mucin, estrogen/ progesterone present
elderly, better prognosis

A

Mucinous

26
Q

Ductal Carcinoma
Papillary architecture w/ fibroblastic cores; estrogen-progesterone receptor present
elderly better prognosis

A

Papillary

27
Q

Invasion to dermal lymphatics and dimpling of the skin

young, poor prognosis

A

Inflammatory

28
Q

often bilateral breast cancer; invades individually into the stroma, alligned in chains; more likely to metasize to cerebrospinal fluid; usually express hormone receptors

A

lobular breast cancer

29
Q

Caused by DCIS extension into the lactiferous ducts and the skin of the nipple; unilateral crusting exudate over the nipple and areolar skin - abundant cytoplasm

A

Paget Disease of Nipple

30
Q

thinning of epidermis; post-menopausal women - white plaques

A

Lichen sclerosus

31
Q

epithelial thickening, hyperkaratosis

A

lichen simplex chronicus

32
Q

3 theories of endometriosis

A

1 - regurgiation
2- metaplasia of coelimic epitherlium
3-lymphatic/ vascular dissemination

33
Q

Growth of basal layer of endometrium down into the myometrium causes hypertrophy of the myometrium; enlarged globular uterus (does not have cyclical bleeding)

A

adenomyosis

34
Q

2 kinds of endometrial cx
1- PTEN, resembles hyperplasia
2-Serous - endometrial atrophy in older post-menopausal women (TP53)

A

1- endometrioid

2-serous

35
Q

Monitors response to therapy; epithelial ovarian cx

A

CA-125

36
Q

Benign cystic teratoma aka

A

dermatoid cyst

37
Q

Most common disorder of fallopian tubes in PID

A

salpingitis

38
Q

Most ovarian tumors are formed from ovarian epithelium

A

Coelemic epithelium
serous tumors (most common)
Mucinous is less likely bilateral

39
Q

GI primary adenocarcinoma to the ovary, produces copious amt of mucin = pseudomyxoma peritonel

A

Krukenberg tumor

40
Q

Ovarian tumor w/ abundant stroma

A

Brenner tumor

41
Q

HELLP Syndrome

A

Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low plateletes

42
Q

in breast - cystic dilation of obstructed duct

A

galactocele

43
Q

variant of DCIS, high grade nuclei w/ central necrosis

A

comedo

44
Q

BRCA1 vs. BRCA2

which one more often ER+?

A

BRAC2

BRCA1 - also ovarian maligancy

45
Q

Embyronic rhabdomyosarcoma in vagina of young girls

A

sarcoma botyoides

46
Q

Derived from embryonic wolfian duct, rests in anterolateral vaginal wall

A

Gartner duct cysts

47
Q

fluid filled cysts (incidental finding) near the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube

A

Parovarian cyst

48
Q

takes on arrangement of granulosa cells, similar to a follicle surrounding an egg

A

Call Exner bodies

49
Q

common histological finding in serous ovarian carcinomas

A

psammamoma body

50
Q

Thecoma-fibroma tumor, triad of ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax

A

Meig’s syndrome

51
Q

Attachment of placenta directly to the myometrium; the decidual layer is defective; predisposed by CSD, endometrial inflammation
Can cause massive hemorrhage after delivery

A

Placenta accreta

52
Q

Attachment of the placenta to the lower uterine segment

A

Placenta previa

53
Q

Fluid-filled cyst in fibrocystic breast disease

A

Blue dome cyst

Reproductive (6 decks)

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