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Pathology Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology

Not regulated by genes: Apoptosis or Necrosis?

A

Necrosis

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2
Q

Pathology

Wear-and-tear pigment that contributes to brown atrophy in the elderly?

A

Lipofuscin

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3
Q

Pathology

Hemosiderosis vs. Hemochromatosis: which has tissue damage?

A

Hemochromatosis

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4
Q

Pathology

Micronodular cirrhosis, DM, skin pigmentation?

A

Bronze Diabetes (Hereditary Hemochromatosis)

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5
Q

Pathology

Occurs in previously damaged tissues: Dystrophic or Metastatic Calcification?

A

Dystrophic Calcification

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6
Q

Pathology

Hypercalcemia: Dystrophic or Metastatic Calcification?

A

Metastatic Calcification

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7
Q

Pathology

Heat-shock protein that marks abnormal protein for destruction?

A

Ubiquitin

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8
Q

Pathology

Cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

Tumor, Dolor, Calor, Rubor, Functio Laesa

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9
Q

Pathology

First blood cell involved in inflammation?

A

Neutrophils

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10
Q

Pathology

Blood cell involved in parasitic infection?

A

Eosinophils

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11
Q

Pathology

Blood cell involved in chronic inflammation and viral infection?

A

Lymphocytes

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12
Q

Pathology

Blood cell prominent after 2-3 days after injury?

A

Monocytes

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13
Q

Pathology

Blood cell that produces H and H:

A

Mast Cells and Basophils

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14
Q

Pathology

In the blood: Monocytes or Macrophages?

A

Monocytes

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15
Q

Pathology

In the tissues: Basophils or Mast Cells?

A

Mast Cells

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16
Q

Pathology

Complement considered anaphylatoxins?

A

C3a, C5a

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17
Q

Pathology

Complement considered an opsonin?

A

C3b

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18
Q

Pathology

Complement involved in Membrane attack complex (MAC)?

A

Cb5-9

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19
Q

Pathology

Vasoconstriction: PGA2, PGD2, PGE2, PGI2, PGF2, Bradykinin?

A

PGA2 or TXA2

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20
Q

Pathology

Cytokines involved in fever?

A

IL1, IL6, TNF-α

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21
Q

Pathology

aka Factor XIIa?

A

Hagemann Factor

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22
Q

Pathology

Nitrous Oxide: Vasoconstriction or Vasodilatation?

A

None (NO is a vasodilator)

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23
Q

Pathology

Primary function of inflammation?

A

Walling-off inciting agent

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24
Q

Pathology

What disease causes NADPH Oxidase deficiency?

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

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25
# Pathology Abnormal WBC's, neutropenia, albinism, neuropathy, repeated infections: what's the disease?
Chediak-Higashi Disease
26
# Pathology TB, sarcoidosis: What type of inflammation?
Chronic Granulomatous Inflammation
27
# Pathology Smooth muscles, cartilage, osteoblast: Labile, Stable, or Permanent?
Stable
28
# Pathology GI Mucosa: Labile, Stable, or Permanent?
Labile
29
# Pathology Myocardial and Musculoskeletal Muscles: Labile, Stable, or Permanent?
Permanent
30
# Pathology Neurons: Labile, Stable, or Permanent?
Permanent
31
# Pathology Competence Factor: PDGF, EGF, or FGF?
PDGF
32
# Pathology Progression Factor: PDGF, EGF, or FGF?
EGF
33
# Pathology Heart Failure Cells and Brown induration of the lungs? (What Disease?)
CPC of the Lungs (Left Heart Failure)
34
# Pathology Nutmeg Liver? (What Disease?)
CPC of the Liver (Right Heart Failure)
35
# Pathology Localized arteriolar dilatation: Active or Passive Hyperemia?
Active Hyperemia
36
# Pathology White Infarction: Heart, Spleen, Kidney, Lung, or GIT?
Heart, Spleen, Kidney
37
# Pathology Red Infarct: Arterial or Venous Occlusions?
Venous Occlusions
38
# Pathology Maintains the integrity of the vascular epithelium: Platelets or Endothelial Cells?
Platelets
39
# Pathology Resists thrombogenic influence of platelets?
Endothelial Cells
40
# Pathology Extrinsic Pathway: PT or PTT?
PT (WEPT; 1972, FFP, Vitamin K)
41
# Pathology Dissolves clot: Thrombin, Fibrin, or Plasmin?
Plasmin
42
# Pathology Recurrent abortion, prolonged PTT; sometimes associated with SLE (What Disease?)
APAS
43
# Pathology Both prothrombotic and antithrombotic disorder: (What Disease?)
DIC
44
# Pathology Lines of Zahn: Arterial Thrombi, Venous Thrombi, or Post-mortem Clot?
Arterial Thrombi
45
# Pathology Not attached to the vessel wall; 2-layered appearance: Arterial Thrombi, Venous Thrombi, or Post-mortem Clot?
Post-mortem Clot
46
# Pathology Associated with less active blood flow and stasis: Arterial Thrombi, Venous Thrombi, or Post-mortem Clot?
Venous Thrombi
47
# Pathology Currant-jelly appearance; Chicken-fat appearance: Arterial Thrombi, Venous Thrombi, or Post-mortem Clot?
Post-mortem Clot
48
# Pathology Sudden death, associated with DVT: (What Disease?)
Pulmonary Embolism
49
# Pathology What Embolismis associated with multiple fractures?
Fat Embolism
50
# Pathology What Embolism is associated with penetrating chest injuries and Caisson's Disease
Air Embolism
51
# Pathology What Embolism is associated with left-sided emboli through R-to-L shunt?
Paradoxical Emboli
52
# Pathology What Emboli is associated with DIC and maternal death?
Amniotuc Fluid Emboli
53
# Pathology Changes in Starling Forces: Peripheral edema due to Right heart failure?
Increased Hydrostatic Pressure
54
# Pathology Changes in Starling Forces: Nephrotic Syndrome?
Decreased Oncotic Pressure
55
# Pathology Changes in Starling Forces: Pulmonary Edema?
Increased Hydrostatic Pressure
56
# Pathology Edema from increase vascular permeability; high protein content, SG > 1.020, (+) inflammatory leukocytes, decreased glucose: Exudate or Transudate?
Exudate
57
# Pathology Most common cause of Down Syndrome?
Meiotic Non-disjunction
58
# Pathology 2 lines of cell- one with the normal chromosme and the other with monosomy
Mosaicism
59
# Pathology Deletion of short arm of chromosome 5:
Cri-du-chat
60
# Pathology ASD, VSD, ALL, Alzheimer's Disease: (What can explain these?)
Down Syndrome
61
# Pathology Appearance of Down Syndrome:
Hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, low set ears, brushfield spots, simian crease
62
# Pathology Micrognathia, rocker-bottom feet, overlapping 3rd and 4th fingers:
Edward Syndrome
63
# Pathology CATCH 22 Syndrome:
Digeorge Syndrome (Caridiac abnormalities, Abnomal fascies, T-cell deficit because of Thymic Hypoplasia, Cleft Palate, Hypocalcemia due to Hypoparathyroidism due to microdeletion in Chromosome 22)
64
# Pathology MR, microcephaly, microphthalimia, cleft lip and palate, rocker-bottom feet:
Patau Syndrome
65
# Pathology Violent behavior, tall, severe acne, male:
XYY Syndrome
66
# Pathology Male hypogonadism, tall, gynecomastia, single Bar body:
Klinefelter Syndrome
67
# Pathology Female hypogonadism, amenorrhea, short stature, webbed neck:
Turner's Syndrome
68
# Pathology What CHD is associated with Turner's Syndrome?
Coarctation of the Aorta
69
# Pathology (+) anticipation, macroorchidism, CGG Repeats:
Fragile X Syndrome
70
# Pathology (+) anticipation, movement disorders, dementia, death, CAG repeats:
Huntington's Disease
71
# Pathology Genomic imprinting, maternal transmission, MR, ataxia, seizures, inappropriate laughter:
Angelmann Syndrome
72
# Pathology Genomic imprinting, paternal transmission, hypogonadism, hypotonia, MR, uncontrolled apetite, behavior problems
Prader-Willi Syndrome
73
# Pathology Mormons, hemorrhagic telangiectasia
OWR Syndrome
74
# Pathology Genetic defect, LDL receptor anomalies, Xanthoma
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
75
# Pathology AD, Renal bilateral cysts, adults, SAH
ADPKD
76
# Pathology Arachnodactyly, tall, thin, dissecting aneurysm, MVP
Marfan Syndrome
77
# Pathology Pathophysiology of Marfan Syndrome
Absence of Fibrillin Gene
78
# Pathology Collagen Type 1 defect
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
79
# Pathology Neurofibromas, café-au-lait spots, lisch nodules
Von Recklinghausen
80
# Pathology Chromosome 3, hemagioblastoma, cavernous hemangioma, liver and renal cysts, renal cell CA
VHL Syndrome
81
# Pathology Mnemonic for Glycogen Storage Disease
VPCAMHere
82
# Pathology Hexosaminidase deficiency?
Tay Sachs
83
# Pathology Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency?
PKU
84
# Pathology Sphyngomyelinase deficiency?
Niemann-Pick
85
# Pathology Hunter, Fabry, G6PD deficiency, Hemophilia A, Lesch-Nyahan, Duchenne: mode of transmission?
X-linked
86
# Pathology CD4:CD8 ratio in AIDS:
1 is to 2
87
# Pathology Cytokines secreted by B-cells, T-cells, and macrophages that promote proliferation of B-cells, T-cells, and NK cells
IL2
88
# Pathology Cytokines responsible for fever:
IL1, IL6, TNF-α
89
# Pathology Type of Hypersensitivity Reaction: Asthma
Type I
90
# Pathology Type of Hypersensitivity Reaction: Contact Dermatitis
Type IV
91
# Pathology Type of Hypersensitivity Reaction: Goodpasture's Syndrome, Grave's Disease
Type II
92
# Pathology Type of Hypersensitivity Reaction: PAN, SLE:
Type III
93
# Pathology Agammaglobulinemia, deficient B- and T-cells
SCID
94
# Pathology Eczema, thromboctyopenia, recurrent infections, X-linked
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
95
# Pathology X-linked disorder, absent plasma cells, recurrent bacterial infections
X-linked Aggamaglobulinemia of Bruton
96
# Pathology Xerostomia, keratoconjunctivitis, arthritis
Sjorgen Syndrome
97
# Pathology Serosal changes, skin rashes, photosensitivity, glomerular changes
SLE
98
# Pathology Small and medium arteries are affected, P-ANCA, Hepa B
PAN
99
# Pathology Most common benign pulmonary nodule: Choristoma or Hamartoma?
Hamartoma
100
# Pathology Endometriosis: Choristoma or Hamartoma?
Choristoma
101
# Pathology Cancers associated with Epstein-Barr Virus?
NPCA, Burkitt's Lymphoma
102
# Pathology Appearance of Burkitt's Lymphoma?
Starry-sky Appearance
103
# Pathology Cancers associated with HTLV-1, HPV, HBV, HIV, H. pylori
Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma, Cervical CA, Liver CA, Kaposi/Leukemia, Gastric adnoca/MALToma
104
# Pathology AR, thymidine dimer formation
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
105
# Pathology Guardian of the Genome
p53
106
# Pathology Classification of burn injuries:
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th (differences?)
107
# Pathology Earliest blood cells affected in radiation injury
Lymphocytes
108
# Pathology First blood cells in inflammation
Neutrophils
109
# Pathology Hemorrhagic necrosis of mammillary bodies
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
110
# Pathology MR, long philtrum, cardiac defects
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
111
# Pathology Adverse effect of methanol?
Blindness
112
# Pathology Adverse effect of lead?
Anemia, Basophilic stripping of RBC's, decreased IQ, Fanconi Syndrome
113
# Pathology Adverse effect of cyanide?
Complex IV inactivation
114
# Pathology Adverse effect of vinyl chloride?
Angiosarcomma of the liver
115
# Pathology Adverse effects of aniline dyes?
Transitional cell CA of the bladder
116
# Pathology Adverse effect of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)?
Hepatic centilobular necrosis and fatty change
117
# Pathology Adverse effect of chloramphenicol?
Aplastic Anemia, Gray Baby Syndrome
118
# Pathology Reye Syndrome
ASA
119
# Pathology Pellagra
Vitamin B3
120
# Pathology Required for transamination, porphyrin synthesis, and synthesis of niacin from tryptophan
Vitamin B6
121
# Pathology Component of FAD and FMN
Vitamin B2
122
# Pathology Component of NAD and NADP
Vitamin B3
123
# Pathology Megaloblastic Anemia, (-) Neuro Manifestations
Vitamin B12 or Folic Acid Deficiency
124
# Pathology Vitamin: antioxidant, maintenance of cell membranes probably by modulation of lipid peroxidation
Vitamin E
125
# Pathology Glutamyl carboxylation, hemorrhagic diasthesis in newborn
Vitamin K
126
# Pathology Tree-bark appearance, aneurysm that involves ascending aorta
Syphilitic Aneurysm
127
# Pathology Arsenic, Thorium Dioxide, Polyvinyl Chloride
Hemangiosarcoma (angiosarcoma)
128
# Pathology Variant of PAN, (+) eosinophilia, asthma
Churg-Strauss (allergic Granulomatous Angitis)
129
# Pathology Necrotizing Granulomatous vasculitis of small and medium-size arteries (resp. tract, kidneys)
Wegener's Granulomatosis
130
# Pathology Aortic Arch Syndrome
Takayasu's Arterities
131
# Pathology Headache, visual impairment, affects ranch of carotid artery
Temporal Arteritis
132
# Pathology Cigarette, painful ischemic disease, young Jew males
Buerger's Disease
133
# Pathology Berger's Disease?
IgA Nephropathy
134
# Pathology Which is not a cause of secondary hypertension: Conn's Cushing, Coarcation of the aorta, pheochromocytoma?
None of the above
135
# Pathology Intermitted chest pain at rest due to transient vasospasm
Prinzmetal's angina
136
# Pathology MC cause of death due to M.I.
arrhythmias
137
# Pathology First blood cell involved in M.I.
neutrophils
138
# Pathology Necrosis found in M.I.
coagulative necrosis
139
# Pathology Classic lesion of RF
Aschoff Bodies
140
# Pathology MacCallum Plaque, Fish-mouth, buttonhole deformity: IE or RHD?
RHD
141
# Pathology Osler's nodes and Janeway lesions: RHD or IE?
RHD
142
# Pathology Strep viridans: RHD or IE?
IE
143
# Pathology SLE endocarditis
LSE
144
# Pathology Systolic murmur with midsystolic click
MVP
145
# Pathology heart valve involved in carcinoid syndrome
tricuspid valve
146
# Pathology heart defect in CRS
PDA
147
# Pathology cardiomyopathy assoc with wet beriberi
Dilated
148
# Pathology Cardiomyopathy associated with sudden death in young athletes
hypertrophic
149
# Pathology Cardiomyopathy assoc with amyloidosis
restrictive
150
# Pathology what type of pericarditis? SLE, RF, clear, protein-rich exudate
Serous pericarditis
151
# Pathology What type of pericarditis? MI or acute RF
Fibrinous
152
# Pathology Bread and butter pericarditis?
RF
153
# Pathology Nutmeg liver: R or L sided heart failure?
right sided heart failure
154
# Pathology Schilling test is used to diagnose
Pernicious anemia
155
# Pathology Anemia assoc with hypocellular bone marrow
Aplastic anemia
156
# Pathology (+) Cold agglutinin
EBV, mycoplasma pneumonia
157
# Pathology Erythroblastosis fetalis: MOM, DAD, and Fetus
RH(-), RH(+), RH(-)
158
# Pathology X-linked, "bite cells", hemolytic anemia
G6PD deficiency
159
# Pathology 2nd MC cause of enzyme deficiency hemolytic anemia or Cooley's anemia
B-thal Major
160
# Pathology Lymphomas and Leukemias ALL vs AML: adults
Aml
161
# Pathology Inc neoplastic B-cells, usually in the elderly males, "smudge cells"
CLL
162
# Pathology Bence-jones proteinuria, RBC's poker chips, punched-out lesions
multiple myeloma
163
# Pathology Bence-jones proteinuria, absent bone lesions, (+)hyperviscosity syndrome
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
164
# Pathology (+) binucleated or multinucleated giant cells with eosinophilic inclusion-like nucleoli
Hodgkin's lymphoma (reed-sternberg cells)
165
# Pathology Hemorrhagic urticaria
HSP
166
# Pathology Dermal hyperelasticity, articular hypermobility
Ehlers-danlos syndrome
167
# Pathology Bleeding gums, cutaneous petechiae
vitamin C deficiency
168
# Pathology Difference in SSx of hemophilia A and B
none
169
# Pathology Christmas Disease
Hemophilia B
170
# Pathology (+) thrombosis, hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, (+) schistocytes
DIC
171
# Pathology Pulmonary system barking cough
Croup
172
# Pathology Virus in croup
parainfluenza
173
# Pathology sign of epiglottitis
tripod position, sniffing position, thumbprint sign
174
# Pathology patho findings in asthma
curschmann spirals, charcot-leyden crystals
175
# Pathology panacinar emphysema
alpha-one antitrypsin deficiency
176
# Pathology emphysema assoc with subpleural bullae or blebs
paraseptal emphysema
177
# Pathology hyaline membrane: ARDS or RDF?
both
178
# Pathology (+) ferruginous bodies (yellow-brown, rod-shaped bodies with clubbed ends)
asbestosis
179
# Pathology what 2 cancers are assoc with asbestosis?
Bronchogenic CA and Malignant mesothelioma
180
# Pathology Non-caseating granulomas in CA and ACE
sarcoidosis
181
# Pathology localized proliferation of histiocytic cells, (+)birbeck granules that resemble tennis racquets
eosinophilic granuloma
182
# Pathology (+) rusty sputum
strep pneumo
183
# Pathology (+)currant jelly sputum
klebsiella pneumo
184
# Pathology AIDS pneumonia
PCP
185
# Pathology Treatment for mycoplasma pneumoniae
macrolides
186
# Pathology MC salivary gland tumor
pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor)
187
# Pathology loss of ganglion cells in the mesenteric plexus, esophagus
achalasia
188
# Pathology precursor of esophagial adenoCA
Barrett's esophagus
189
# Pathology Curling vs Cushing's ulcer
Burn, Brain
190
# Pathology Virchow nodule
Supraclavicular LN involvement, stomach adenoCA
191
# Pathology Signet Ring cells
Kruckenberg tumor, Gastric AdenoCA
192
# Pathology gluten sensitivity
celiac disease
193
# Pathology clostridium difficile
pseudomembranous colitis
194
# Pathology Peutz-Jeghers Polys are premalignant lesions of the colon: T or F?
FALSE
195
# Pathology highest potential for malignancy of all colonic polyps
villous adenomas
196
# Pathology (+) adenomatous polyps with CNS tumors
Turcot's syndrome (different from Gardner's syndrome)
197
# Pathology Most common neoplasm of the appendix
carcinoid tumor
198
# Pathology Owl's eye appearance
CMV
199
# Pathology Orphan annie eye nuclei?
Papillary thyroid CA
200
# Pathology Councilman Bodies
hepatic necrosis
201
# Pathology mallory bodies
alcoholic hepatits
202
# Pathology hobnail liver
alcoholic Cirrhosis
203
# Pathology antimitochondrial antibodies
PBC
204
# Pathology bronze diabetes: inc in_____
iron; cirrhosis, DM, skin pigmentation
205
# Pathology kayser-fleicher
wilson disease
206
# Pathology budd-chiari syndrome is otherwise knows as?
hepatic vein thrombosis
207
# Pathology liver mass, OCP use associated
adenoma
208
# Pathology cholangiosarcoma (bile duct CA) is associated with
hemolytic anemia
209
# Pathology straberry GB
cholesterolosis
210
# Pathology (+) trousseau syndrome
migratory thrombophelibitis (pancreatic CA)
211
# Pathology bilateral renal agenesis oligo or polyhydramnios?
oligohydramnios
212
# Pathology spike and dome appearance
MGN
213
# Pathology fused epithelial food processes
Liphoid nephosis (MCD)
214
# Pathology Lumpy-bumpy appearance
PSGN
215
# Pathology linear immunofuorescence caused by Anti-GBM antibodies
Good pasture syndrome
216
# Pathology Tram-track appearance
MPGN
217
# Pathology Associated with Wegener's, (+) crescents
RPGN
218
# Pathology MC cause of ARF
ATN
219
# Pathology Associated with DM, phenacetin; consequence of acute pyelonephritis
renal papillary necrosis (necrotizing papillitis)
220
# Pathology pellagra-like manifestations due to impaired tubular reabsorption of tryptophan
hartnup disease
221
# Pathology triad of renal cell CA
flank pain, flank mass, hematuria
222
# Pathology Single erythematous plaque in the glans penis or prepuse: Bowen disease or erythoplasia of queyrat?
erythoplasia of queyrat (bowen-shaft)
223
# Pathology bag of worms?
varicocele
224
# Pathology analogous to dysgerminoma, inc B-HCG
seminoma
225
# Pathology (+) Reinke crystals; associated with precocious puberty in children and gynecomastia in adults
leydig cell tumor
226
# Pathology prostate CA - metastasis site?
bones
227
# Pathology Clue cells
Gardnerella vaginalis
228
# Pathology painful ulcers: chancroid or granuloma inguinale?
chancroid
229
# Pathology chocolate cysts
endometriosis
230
# Pathology Obesity, hirsutism, relative infertility
PCOS
231
# Pathology Bunch of grapes appearance
H-mole
232
# Pathology (-) embryo, paternally derived: complete of incomplete?
complete
233
# Pathology Bloody nipple discharge w/o breast mass
Intraductal papilloma
234
# Pathology Plummer's Disease vs Plummer-Vinsons' Syndrome
MNG, esophageal webs
235
# Pathology Thyroid CA associated with increased calcitonin
Medullary thyroid CA
236
# Pathology Armani-Ebstein Lesions
DM nephropathy (tubular deposition of glycogen)
237
# Pathology (+) erythematous plaques w/ silver coating
Psoriasis
238
# Pathology Dysplastic nevus is associated with:
Malignant melanoma
239
# Pathology Umbilicated dome-shaped papules
Molluscum contangiosum
240
# Pathology Poorest prognosis among types of malignant melanoma
nodular type
241
# Pathology MC and most severe form of muscular dystrophy
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
242
# Pathology Brown tumor of the bone
Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
243
# Pathology Harrison's groove, Pigeon breast, craniotabes
Rickets
244
# Pathology (+) Brodie's abscess
TB osteomyelitis
245
# Pathology Codman's triangle, sunburst appearance
Osteosarcoma
246
# Pathology Chromosomal abnormalities
Advanced maternal age, 35 years of age
247
# Pathology Prenatal dianostic testing procedures
Ultrasound, Structural abnormalities, 18-20 weeks
248
# Pathology Aneuploidy
Trisomy, Nondisjunction, Trisomy 16, Trisomy 21 (term)
249
# Pathology Translocations
Acrocentric chromosomes, Robertsonian translocation
250
# Pathology Short stature, Normal IQ, Webbed neck, Shield chest, Streak gonads, Primary amenorrhea, Primary infertility
Turner syndrome, 45X, Turner syndrome, Coarctation of aorta
251
# Pathology Low IQ, Gynecomastia, Truncal obesity, Testicular atrophy
Klinefelter syndrome, 47 XXY
252
# Pathology Short stature, Mental retardation, Oblique orbital fissures, Flat nasal bridge, Small ears, Protruding tongue, Muscular hypotonia
Down syndrome, Trisomy 21, Endocardial cushion defects
253
# Pathology Achondroplasia, Huntington's disease, Marfan syndrome, Polycystic kidney disease, Neurofibromastosis, Osteogenesis imperfecta
Autosomal dominant, Gross anatomic abnormalities
254
# Pathology Cystic fibrosis, Phenylketonuria, Sickle cell anemia, Tay-Sachs disease, Thalassemia, Wilson disease
Autosomal recessive, Enzyme deficiencies
255
# Pathology Duchenne muscular dystrophy, G6PD deficiency, Hemophilia A
X-linked recessive, Male relatives
256
# Pathology Postconception weeks 1 to 3
Week 1: Implantation, Week 2: 2 layer germ disk, *syncitiotrophoblasts -> B-hCG, Week 3: 3 layer germ disk
257
# Pathology Postconception weeks 4 to 8
Organogenesis, Major teratogenic risk
258
# Pathology Paramesonephric duct
Mullerian duct, Female, No hormonal stimulation
259
# Pathology Mesonephric duct
Wolffian duct, Male, Androgen stimulation
260
# Pathology Alcohol
Fetal alcohol syndrome, Microcephaly, Mental retardation, Midfacial hypoplasia, IUGR
261
# Pathology Diethylstillbestrol
Vaginal clear cell carcinoma, T-shaped uterus, Incompetent cervix
262
# Pathology Isoretinoin
Congenital deafness, Microtia
263
# Pathology Lithium
Ebstein's anomaly
264
# Pathology Streptomycin
CN VIII damage, Hearing loss
265
# Pathology Tetracycline
Impaired bone development, Teeth discoloration
266
# Pathology Thalidomide
Phocomelia, Limb reduction defects
267
# Pathology Valproic acid
Neural tube defects
268
# Pathology Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Source, Syncitiotrophoblast, 10 days:rise, 10 weeks: peak, 20 weeks: fall/plateau
269
# Pathology Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Alpha subunit: LH, FSH, TSH; Beta subunit
270
# Pathology Human Placental Lactogen
Insulin antagonist; GH, prolactin
271
# Pathology Estrogen Forms
Estradiol: menarche; Estriol: pregnancy, Estrone: menopause (aromatase), Estriol: pregnancy (sulfatase), Estrone: menopause (aromatase)
272
# Pathology Progesterone Sources
Corpus luteum, 7 to 9 weeks, Placenta
273
# Pathology Skin
Chloasma, Palmar erythema, Linea nigra, Spider angiomata, Striae gravidarum, Chadwick sign
274
# Pathology Cardiovascular system
Plasma volumeL inc, Cardiac output: inc, Arterial blood pressure: dec, Peripheral vascular resistance: dec
275
# Pathology Cardiac output
Left lateral decubitus position, Maximal
276
# Pathology Hematologic system
RBC: inc, WBC: inc, Platelets: unchanged, Coagulation factors: inc
277
# Pathology Hemodilution of pregnancy
Low hgb and hct, RBC: inc 30%, Plasma volume: inc 50%
278
# Pathology Pulmonary system
Functional residual capacity: dec, Residual volume: dec
279
# Pathology Gastrointestinal system
Motility: dec, Aspiration, constipation
280
# Pathology Renal system
GFR: inc, RPF: inc, Creatinine clearance: inc
281
# Pathology Endrocrine system
Cortisol: inc, TBG: inc, Total T3, T4: inc, Free Te,T4: unchanged
282
# Pathology Pituitary gland necrosis
Postpartum hypotension, Sheehan's syndrome
283
# Pathology Amenorrhea, Nausea and vomiting, Breast tenderness, Skin changes
Presumptive evidence
284
# Pathology Positive pregnancy test, Enlargement of uterus, Maternal sensation of movement, Hegar sign
Probable evidence
285
# Pathology Examiner perception of movement, Fetal heart tones, Ultrasound visualization
Positive evidence
286
# Pathology Naegele's Rule
(+) 1 week, (-) 3 months, (+) 1 year
287
# Pathology Basal body temperature
Progesterone
288
# Pathology Quickening
Primigravid: 18 to 20 weeks, Multipara: 16 to 18 weeks
289
# Pathology Fetal heart tones
Doppler steth: 10 to 12 weeks
290
# Pathology Fundal height Centimeters
20 weeks
291
# Pathology Ultrasound
Dating, 1st T: Crown-rump length, 2nd and 3rd T: HC, BPD, AC, FL
292
# Pathology 1st trimester prenatal labs
CBC, Direct Coombs test, Rubella IgG, HBV, VDRL/RPR, Urinalysis and culture, Pap smear and culture
293
# Pathology Anemia
Mean Corpuscular Volume 100: folate deficiency
294
# Pathology 2nd trimester prenatal labs
Triple marker screen (AFP, hCG, estriol); Trisomy screening
295
# Pathology 3rd trimester prenatal labs
24 to 28 weeks, 50g OGTT, CBC, Indirect Coombs Test
296
# Pathology Reactive Non-Stress Test
2 acceleration in 20 minutes; >/= 15 bpm; >/= 15 secs, Reassuring
297
# Pathology Nonreactive Non-Stress Test
Vibroacoustic stimulation
298
# Pathology Biophysical profile
Components, NST, Amniotic fluid volume, Fetal gross body movements, Fetal extremity tone, Fetal breathing movements
299
# Pathology Negative Contraction Stress Test
3 contraction in 10 mins, No late decelerations, Reassuring
300
# Pathology Positive Contraction Stress Test
(+) late decelerations, 50% contractions, Deliver if >/= 36 weeks
301
# Pathology Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis gondii, Cat feces, Intracranial calcifications, Chorioretinitis, Pyrimethamine
302
# Pathology Group B B-hemolytic Streptococci
Vaginal colonizations, Early onset: pneumonia, Late onset: meningitis, Penicillin G
303
# Pathology Syphilis
Treponema pallidum, Painless ulcer (chancre), Condyloma lata, Hutchinsons teeth, mulberry molars, Saddle nose, Saber shins, VIII nerve damage
304
# Pathology Syphilis
Darkfield microscopy (spirochetes), Nonspecific: VDRL, RPR; Specific: FTA-ABS, MHA-TP; Benzathine Penicillin
305
# Pathology Varicella
Respiratory droplets, Pruritic vesicles (5 to 2), Zigzag skin lesions, VZIg, Acyclovir
306
# Pathology Rubella
Respiratory droplets, Congenital deafness, CHD (VSD), Blueberry muffin rash
307
# Pathology Cytomegalo Virus
Body secretions, Petechial rash, Ganciclovir
308
# Pathology Herpes Simplex Virus
HSV II, Mucocutaneous contact, Painful ulcer/ vesicle, Cesarean section, Acyclovir
309
# Pathology Hepatitis B Virus
Body secretion, HBeAg, Asymptomatic, HBIg, HepB Vaccine
310
# Pathology Abortion
Threatened: closed, viable; Missed: closed, nonviable; Inevitable: open, no POC, Incomplete: open, some POC, Complete: open, all POC; Threatened: observation; Missed: suctionD&C; Inevitable: suction D&C; Incomplete: suction D&C; Complete: observation, BhCG
311
# Pathology Abruptio placenta
Placental separation, Normal placental implantation, Painful vaginal bleeding (ATN), Hypertension, trauma, cocaine
312
# Pathology Placenta previa
Low placental implantation, Painless vaginal bleeding (ATN), Transverse fetal lie, Multiple gestation, AMA
313
# Pathology Placenta previa
Myometrial invasion, Placenta accreta, Cesarian hysterectomy
314
# Pathology Vasa previa
Amniotomy, Painless vaginal bleeding, Fetal bradycardia, Velamentous insertion, Accessory placental lobe
315
# Pathology Uterine rupture
Painful vaginal bleeding, Fetal bradycardia, Classic CS, myomectomy, Excessive oxytocin
316
# Pathology Abruptio placenta, Placenta precia, Vasa previa, Uterine rupture
Abruptio placnenta: painful, N; Uterine rupture: painful, brady; Placenta previa: painless, N; Vasa previa: painless, brady
317
# Pathology Fetal demise
>20 weeks, Maternal: No fetal movement; UTZ: No fetal cardiac activity; DIC (>2 weeks); Tissue thromboplastin; D&E, induction of labor
318
# Pathology Multiple gestation
Hyperemesis gravidarum (BhCG), Uterus larger than AOG, Maternal serum AFP: inc
319
# Pathology Multiple gestation
Zygotes, Dizygotic: 2 zygotes (di, di), Monozygotic: 1 zygote (depends), 12d (3 layer disk): conjoint
320
# Pathology Race, Geography, Family history
Dizygotic twins
321
# Pathology Ovulation induction, Clomiphane citrate, Human menopausal gonadotropin
Dizygotic twins
322
# Pathology Twin-twin transfusion
Monozygotic twins; Mono, di; Donor Recipient, IUGR Excess growth; Oligoydramnios; Polyhydramnios; Anemia; Polycythemia; Better outcome, Worse outcome
323
# Pathology Multiple gestation
Delivery; Cephalic, Cephalic: SVD; Cephalic, Noncephalic: either; Noncephalic, Cephalic: CS; Noncephalic, Noncephalic: CS
324
# Pathology Isoimmunzation, Hemolytic disease of the newborn, Erythroblastosis fetalis
Rh (c,C,D,E,e); Mother: Rh negative; Fetus: Rh positive; Father: Rh positive
325
# Pathology Positive indirect Coombs
RhoGAM (Anti-D IgG): 28weeks
326
# Pathology Premature rupture of membranes
Gush of clear fluid, Oligohydramnios, Ascending infection
327
# Pathology Premature rupture of membranes
Sterile speculum examination; Pooling (+): posterior vaginal fornix; Nitrazine (+): pH paper turns blue; Fern (+): ferning pattern on slide
328
# Pathology Premature rupture of membranes
Fever and uterine tenderness, No URI or UTI, Chorioamnionitis
329
# Pathology 20 weeks <37 wks
3 contractions in 30 mins; Cervival dilation >/= 2 cm; Preterm labor; MgSO4, Betamethasone
330
# Pathology Decreased deep tendon reflexes
Respirator deoression, Pulmonary edema, MgSO4 toxicity, Calcium gluconate
331
# Pathology AOG > 42 weeks
Oligohydramnios, Macrosomia syndrome, Dysmaturity syndrome, Post-term pregnancy, PGE2, oxytocin
332
# Pathology Shoulder dystocia
Brachial plexus injury, Macrosomia, McRobert's maneuver: thigh F
333
# Pathology AOG /= 140/90; No proteinuria
Chronic hypertension; Rising BP, proteinuria; Headache, epigastric pain, visual changes; CH with superimposed PE
334
# Pathology AOG >20 weeks; BP >/= 140/90; No proteinuria; BP returns to normal postpartum
Gestational hypertension, Conservative management; ACE1: contraindicated
335
# Pathology AOG >20 weeks; BP >/= 140/90; Proteinuria 1-2+ or 300 mg/24h; Absence of preexisting hypertension
Mild Pre-eclampsia, Delivery, Oxytocin, MgSO4
336
# Pathology AOG >20 weeks; BP>/= 160/110; Proteinuria 3-4+ or 5g/24h; Headache, epigastric pain, visual changes
Severe Pre-eclampsia; Delivery; Hydralazine, oxytocin, MgSO4
337
# Pathology Hypertension, Proteinuria, Unexplained tonic-clonic seizures
Eclampsia; Airway, MgSO4; Delivery, hydralazine, oxytocin
338
# Pathology Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzyme, Low platelets
HELLP syndrome, Delivery
339
# Pathology Exophthalmus, Elevated resting pulse, Palpitations, Tremors
Graves disease, Hyperthyroidism, LATS IgG, Elevated T4, low TSH
340
# Pathology Graves disease, Tx
PTU: block synthesis; Subtotal thyroidectomy: 2nd T; Thyroid ablation: contraindicated
341
# Pathology Obesity, Increased weight gain,Elevated FBS, Abnormal 50g OGTT, Abnormal 100g OGTT
Gestation DM, Fetal macrosomia
342
# Pathology Gestation Diabetes Mellitus Screening
50g OGTT: 1st PNCU (high risk); 50g OGTT: 24 to 28 wks (max hPL); 50 g OGTT: 1st PNCU (high risk); 50g OGTT: 24 to 28 wks (max hPL); >140mg/dl: 100g OGTT; >200mg/dl +FBS >/= 95: GDM
343
# Pathology Gestation Diabetes Mellitus Dx
100g OGTT: 95/180/155/140; 1 abnormal value: IGT; 2 abnormal values: GDM
344
# Pathology Gestation Diabetes Mellitus Tx
Proper diet, Blood glucose monitoring, Insulin therapy, Oral hypoglycemics: contraindicated
345
# Pathology Urine culture: >100,000 CFU
Gram-negative bacteria: E.coli, Asymptomatic bacteriuria: none; Acute cystitis: urgency, frequency, burning; Acute pyelo: fever, vomiting, flank pain; Tetracycline, fluoroquinolones: contraindicated
346
# Pathology Round inlet
Straight side walls, Wide supubic arch, Gynecoid pelvis (female), Easy delivery
347
# Pathology Triangular inlet, Convergent side walls, Narrow subpubic arch
Android pelvis (male), Arrest of descent
348
# Pathology Anteroposteriorly oval inlet
Convergent side walls, Narrow subpubic arch, Anthropoid pelvis, Difficult delivery
349
# Pathology Transversely oval inlet, Straight side walls, Wide subpubi arch
Plattypeloid pelvis, Easy delivery
350
# Pathology Breech presentation
F thighs, E legs: Frank (v); F thigh, F legs: Complete (m); E thigh/s, E leg/s: Footling (l)
351
# Pathology Fetal attitude
Max F: vertex; Partial F: military; Partial E: brow; Max E: face
352
# Pathology External cephalic version
37 weeks
353
# Pathology FHR Accelerations
/= 10 bpm, >/= 10s; >/= 32 wks: >/= 15 bpm, >/= 15s; SAMS (fetal movement); Reassuring
354
# Pathology FHR, Decelerations
Early: fetal head compression; Variable: cord compression; Late: uroplacental insufficiency
355
# Pathology Stages of labor
S4: obsevation; S1: contractions to 10cm; Latent phase: P 20h, M 14h; Active phase (4cm):P; 1.2cm/h, M 1.5cm/h; S2: 10cm to delivery P 2h, M 1h; S3: delivery to placental expulsion 30 mins; S4: observation
356
# Pathology Cardinal movements of labor
Engagement, Descent, Flexion, Internal Rotation, Extension, External Rotation, Expulsion
357
# Pathology Perineal lacerations
1st degree: perineal mucosa; 2nd degree: perineal body; 3rd degree: rectal sphincter; 4th degree: rectal mucosa
358
# Pathology Types of Forceps
Simpson (simple): traction; Kjelland (key): rotation; Piper (pipe): breech; Barton: occiput transverse
359
# Pathology 2nd trimester, Pelvic pressure, Vaginal mucus discharge, Painless cervical dilation, Hx of cervical conization
Incomplete cervix, Cervical cerclage (14 weeks), McDonald procedure: 36 weeks, Shirodkar procedure: cesarean
360
# Pathology Labor pain
S2 to S4 Sacral nerve roots; S2 to S4 Spinal, pudendal block, epidural
361
# Pathology Frankenhauser's ganglion
Paracervical block
362
# Pathology Anesthesia
Emergency delivery, Blood dyscrasia, General anesthesia
363
# Pathology Endometrial decidua
Lochia, 1st wk: lochia rubra (red), 2nd week: lochia serosa (pink), 3rd week: lochia alba (white)
364
# Pathology Postpartum Contraception
Lactation: 3 mos; E-P pills: nonlactating women; Progestin-only pills: safe; IUD, diaphragm: 6wks
365
# Pathology Postpartum Hemorrhage
Uterine atony, Soft uterus above umbilicus, Uterine massage, uterotonics (Oxytocin, methylergonovine)
366
# Pathology Postpartum fever
Day 0: atelectasia; Day 1: UTI; Day 2: endometritis; Day 4: wound infection; Day 5: thrombophlebitis; Day 7: mastitis
367
# Pathology Reproductive years
Early age of intercourse, Multiple sexual partners, Oral contraceptive pills, Cigarette smoking, Immunosuppression, Cervical dysplasia, Transformation zone, HPV (16,18,31,33,35)
368
# Pathology HPV 6 and 11
Condyloma acuminata, Benign
369
# Pathology Cervical dysplasia
Screening, Pap smear, 21 years of age, 3 years after first intercourse
370
# Pathology Postcoital bleeding
Invasive cervical cancer, Basement membrane penetration, Cervical biopsy: squamous cell CA
371
# Pathology Invasive cervical cancer
Staging, Clinical; I: cervix,3<5; II: 2/3 vagina, parametria; III: 1/3 vagina, pelvic wall; IV: bladder, rectum
372
# Pathology Invasive cervical cancer Tx
I to IIa, IIb above, I to IIa: hysterectomy, IIb above: radioTx, chemoTx
373
# Pathology Invasive cervical cancer pregnancy
24wks:CS at 32 to 34 wks
374
# Pathology Postmenopausal bleeding
Endometrial atrophy, Estrogen + Progesterone
375
# Pathology Postmenopausal bleeding
Nulliparity, Late menopause, Obeity, Hypertension, DM, Endrometrial cancer, Unopposed estrogen, Endometrial sampling: adenoCA
376
# Pathology Endometrial cancer
Staging, Surgical; I:uterus, endo>Ia>myo; II:cervix; III:vagina, pelvic nodes; IV: bladder, rectum
377
# Pathology Polycystic ovarian disease
chronic anovulation, endometrial cancer, progestin
378
# Pathology Enlarged uterus
Reproductive years, pregnancy
379
# Pathology Enlarged uterus
benign uterine tumor, leiomyoma uteri, estrogen, intramural: most common, submucous: abnormal bleeding; subserosal: external contour
380
# Pathology Leiomyoma uteri, pregnancy
Red/carneous degeneration
381
# Pathology Enlarged uterus, Symmetric tender uterus, Absence of pregnancy
Adenomyosis, Endo tissue within myo, UTZ, Hysterectomy
382
# Pathology Prepubertal adnexal mass, Sudden onset lower abdominal pain
Germ cell tumors; Dysgerminoma: LDH (Xray sensitive); Choriocarcinoma: BhCG; Endodermal sinus tumor: AFP
383
# Pathology Premenopausal adnexal mass
Simple mass: physiologic cyst (luteal, follicullar); Complex mass: dermoid cyst (benign cystic teratoma)
384
# Pathology Premenopausal adnexal mass, Sudden onset lower abdominal pain
Ovarian torsion
385
# Pathology Dermoid cyst
Thyroid tissue, Struma ovarii
386
# Pathology Posmenopausal adnexal mass
Ovarian Cancer, BRCA1, High number of ovulations
387
# Pathology Ovarian Cancer
Classification, epithelial tumor
388
# Pathology Epithelial tumor: serous
Mucinous, brenner, celar cell germ cell tumor: dysgerminoma; ChrioCa, endodermal sinus; stromal tumor: granulosa-theca; Sertoli-Leydig metastatic tumor: Krukenberg (gastric)
389
# Pathology Ovarian ca, Staging
Surgical, I:ovary, II:pelvis, III:peritonium, IV: bladder and rectum
390
# Pathology Vulvar pruritus
vulvar white lesion, vulvar ca, vulvar biopsy: squamous cell ca
391
# Pathology vulvar pruritus, vulvar red lesion
paget disease
392
# Pathology vaginal bleeding AOG, No FHT, Snowstorm UTZ, Theca-lutein cysts
Gestational Tropho neoplasia; Placental tissue, BhCG; Gestational Tropho neoplasia; placental tissue, BhCG; Benign (H-mole); Malignant (GTT)
393
# Pathology Benign GTN
46,XX; no fetus, grape-like vesicles in uterus, complete mole
394
# Pathology Benign GTN; 46,XXX; fetus present,fetal demise
incomplete mole
395
# Pathology Malignant GTN, lung or pelvic metastasis
good prognosis metastasis
396
# Pathology Malignant GTN, brain or liver metastasis, BhCG>40,000
poor prognosis metastasis
397
# Pathology Malignant GTN, most common site of metastasis
lung
398
# Pathology GTN Tx
Suction D&C, BhCG titers, weekly til negative for 3 weeks, monthly til negative for 12 mos
399
# Pathology Pelvic relaxation, most common cause
Childbirth
400
# Pathology main uterine support, ligament
cardinal ligament
401
# Pathology uterine prolapse
severity, cervix; GrI: halfway, GrII:inside introitus, Gr III: outside introitus; GrIVL (+) vaginal walls
402
# Pathology kegel exercises
pubococcygeus muscles
403
# Pathology micturition receptor
cholinergic receptor
404
# Pathology bladder residual volume
<50ml
405
# Pathology Sensation of fullness volume
200ml
406
# Pathology urge to void volume
400ml
407
# Pathology urinary incontinence
most common form, genuine stress incontinence, Q-tip test (>30 degrees), does not occur during sleep
408
# Pathology Dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia
endometriosis, ovary (chocolate cyst), cul-de-sac (uterosacral ligament), laparoscopy
409
# Pathology unilateral abdominopelvic pain, amenorrhea, vaginal spotting, positive pregnancy test
ectopic pregnancy, fallopian tube (ampulla), PID, tubal surgery, UTZ with BhCG (>1500mIU)
410
# Pathology painful ulcer, ragged edge
chancroid, Haemophilus ducreyi, Azithro, Ceftri, Erythro
411
# Pathology painless ulcer, beefy red
donovanosis, Granuloma inguinale, Calymmatobacterium granulomatis, doxycycline
412
# Pathology Thin grayish-white vaginal discharge, fishy odor
bacterial vaginosis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Nitrazine paper: dark (>4.5), KOH smear: positive whiff test, microscopy: clear cells, metronidazole
413
# Pathology Frothy green vaginal discharge, strawberry cervix
trichomoniasis, Trichomonas vaginalis, nitrazine paper: dark, Microscopy: motile organisms, metronidazole
414
# Pathology Mucopurulent cervical discharge
PID, Chlamydia (C. trachomatis), PCR, Gonorrhea (N. gonorrhea), Thayer-Martin media, Azithromycin + Cephalosporin
415
# Pathology Oral contraceptive pills
MOA, Inhibition of LH surge, Alteration of cervical mucus, alteration of endometrium
416
# Pathology Oral contraceptive pills, absolute contraindication
Pregnancy, vascular disease (CVA,DVT), Acute liver disease, Hormonally dependent Ca (breast, endo)
417
# Pathology OCP component, Inc in coagulation factors, Inc in HDL, dec in LDL
estrogen
418
# Pathology OCP component, mood changes, androgenic effects, inc in LDL, dec in HDL
progestin
419
# Pathology OCP, ovarian and endometrial cancer
decrease
420
# Pathology HPO axis
Hypothalamus: GnRH; Pituitary gland: FSH,LH; Ovary: estrogen, progesterone
421
# Pathology Endometrial layer
Spiral arteries, functional layer, basal layer: basal arteries
422
# Pathology menstrual cycle day 1
first day of menses
423
# Pathology heavy menstrual bleeding
Menorrhagia
424
# Pathology proliferative phase
follicular phase, hormone, estrogen
425
# Pathology secretory phase
luteal phase, hormonoe, progesterone, corpus luteum: 7-10 days, BhCG
426
# Pathology proliferative phase to secretory phase; follicular phase to luteal phase
Transition, LH surge, ovulation, Pain:mittelschmerz
427
# Pathology theca cells hormone
LH, androgen production (androstenedione, testosterone)
428
# Pathology granulosa cells hormone
FSH, androgen to estrogen (aromatase)
429
# Pathology inhibin
granulosa cell, Suppress FSH (negative feedback)
430
# Pathology Premenarchal vaginal bleeding
foreign body; grape-like lesions: Sarcoma botyroides
431
# Pathology Precocious puberty
8 years of age; thelarche (breast): 9; adrenarche (pubic, axillary hair): 10; growth:11; menarche (menses): 12
432
# Pathology Precocious puberty, most common cause
idiopathic
433
# Pathology Precocious puberty, autonomous ovarian E production
McCune-Albright syndrome, Aromatase enzyme inhibitor
434
# Pathology Primary amenorrhea; breast present, uterus present
imperforate hymen, vaginal septum, excessive exercise, anorexia nervosa
435
# Pathology primary amenorrhea; breast present uterus absent
mullerian agenesis: 46,xx; (Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrom); androgen sensitivity: 46,XY
436
# Pathology primary amenorrhea; breast absent, uterus present
Turner syndrome (gonadal dysgenesis); hypothalamic-pituitary failure (anosmia:Kallman syndrome)
437
# Pathology secondary amenorrhea, most common cause
pregnancy
438
# Pathology hirsutism, gradual onset, elevated 17-OH progesterone
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-OH deficiency)
439
# Pathology hirsutism, gradual onset, elevated LH:FSH (3:1)
polycystic ovarian syndrome (stein-leventhal syndrome) OCP
440
# Pathology virilization, rapid onset, elevated DHEAS
adrenal tumor
441
# Pathology virilization, rapid onset, elevated testosterone
ovarian tumor
442
# Pathology infertility
>12 mos, Clomiphene citrate, in vitro fertilization
443
# Pathology hot flashes, irritability, amenorrhea, vaginal dryness
menopause; elevated FSH,LH; Cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis
444
# Pathology hormone replacement therapy contraindications
vascular disease (CVA,DVT); hormonally dependent Ca
445
# Pathology SERM, Tamoxifen
ER agonist and antagonist effects; agonist: bone,endometrium; antagonist: breast
446
# Pathology SERM, Raloxifene
ER agonist and antagonist effects; Agonist: bone, Antagonist: endometrium
447
# Pathology Bilateral B enlargement, tenderness, fluctuation with menstrual cycle, painful nodule, clear fluid on aspiration,
fibrocystic breast changes
448
# Pathology rubbery, nontender B mass, freely movable on palpation, epithelium and stroma on aspiration
fibroadenoma
449
# Pathology bloody nipple discharge
intraductal papilloma
450
# Pathology older women, firm, nonmovable B mass
breast cancer, infiltrating ductal breast cancer
451
# Pathology breast cancer, most important prognostic factor
axillary lymph node status
452
# Pathology breast tumor, younger women
fibroadenoma
453
# Pathology breast tumor, older women
breast cancer
454
# Pathology Breast tumor, most common location
upper outer quadrant
455
# Pathology legal aspect of the practice of med
service
456
# Pathology goal of the practice of med
life and health
457
# Pathology objective of the practice of med
police power of the state
458
# Pathology power of the state that controls the practice of med
reciprocuty
459
# Pathology if filipinos are allowed to practice in a foreign country, their citizens are allowed to practice in the phils
endorsement
460
# Pathology a foreign country has similar qualification with that of ours
TRUE
461
# Pathology true or false: medical students can use the "M.D." after their names
board of medical education
462
# Pathology administrative body concerned with the standardization and regulation of medical education
professional regulation commission
463
# Pathology administrative body which supervise and regulate all professions requiring examinations
board of medicine
464
# Pathology administrative body which supervises the practice of medicine
professional regulation commission
465
# Pathology term: 9 years. PRC or BOM?
board of medicine

Buzzwords (From the Standard Bearer) (3 decks)

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