Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Moving Exam 2 > Pathology bone > Flashcards

Pathology bone Flashcards

1
Q

What is Amelia?

A

Genetic abnormality in which animal is born without limbs & there is no underlying cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is polydactyly?

A

Genetic abnormality in which there are to many toes and there is no underlying cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is osteopetrosis?

A

inherited defect in osteoclastic resorption resulting in too dense medullary bone and to thin cortical bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some of the causes for osteopetrosis?

A

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)
Feline leukemia
Avian leucosis virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is craniomandibular osteopathy?

A

“Lion Jaw”
Bilateral symmetrical thickening of mandible, occipital, temporal bones, +/- tympanic bullaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the lesion associated with craniomandibular osteopathy and who does it normally affect?

A

proliferation of bone
Seen in dogs less than 1 year of age and may spontaneously regress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is craniomandibular osteopathy associated with in Irish setters? Terriers?

A

Canine leukocyte adhesion disease

Autosomal recessive gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is chondrodysplasia (chondrodystrophy)

A

associated with inheritable defect in growth plate cartilage (at the physis & articular epiphyseal cartilage complex) resulting in premature growth plate closure leading to shortened long bones that are normal in width

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What gene mutation is associated with chondrodysplasia (chondrodystrophy) and what is the gene supposed to do? What happens when there is a mutation

A

FGFR3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor) gene that regulates cartilage growth. With the mutation it either inhibits or increases growth plate cartilage production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Spider lamb chondrodysplasia?

A

Excessive proliferation of growth cartilage that is very disorganized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Osteochondrosis?

A

Failure or delay of endochondral ossification in the metaphyseal growth plate, epiphyseal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the mechanism of osteochondrosis?

A

Multifactoral

  • Genetics
  • Rapid growth
  • no vascular invasion then the cartilage fails to mineralize
  • traumatic injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is pathogenesis of Osteochondrosis?

A

1) vascular necrosis which causes ischemic damage to the cartilage
2) as the growth front approaches the primary spongyosa zone of mineralization those spicules of cartilage will not by mineralized
3) We get detained cores of unmineralized cartilage
4) The retained core of unmineralized cartilage is susceptible to traumatic damage & it will flap off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What stage is osteonecrosis latency?

A

When osteochondrosis only produces a microscopic lesion that you can’t see with the naked eye. (Pathogenesis steps 1-2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What stage is osteoporosis manifesto?

A

Once the lesion gets to the mineralization front & produces a visible lesion, which is retained core of cartilage (pathogenesis step 3).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What stage is osteochondrosis dissecans?

A

When unmineralized cartilage is susceptible to traumatic damage & it flaps off (Pathogenesis step 4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy?

A

Wobblers Syndrome
An abnormal development of the cervical vertebrae which leads to either static or dynamic spinal cord compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Static spinal cord compression and what vertebra are typically affected?

A

Compressed all the time no matter what position the horse is in

C5-C6, C6-C-7

19
Q

What is Dynamic spinal cord compression and what vertebra are typically affected?

A

Compression changes during flexion vs. extension

C3-C4, C4-C5

20
Q

What is Cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy associated with

A

osteoporosis of the cervical facets (the articulating portion of the vertebral bodies)

21
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Reduction in bone density that leads to a fracture

22
Q

What is the difference between osteoporosis & osteopenia.

A

Osteoporosis is the reduction of bone density that leads to a fracture while osteopenia is a reduction in bone mass without clinical disease

23
Q

What are some causes of Osteoporosis?

A

 Malnutrition (not enough calcium & phosphorus)
 Immobilization (disuse osteoporosis)
 Dietary calcium deficiency
 Senile osteoporosis
 Excess glucocorticoids

24
Q

What is Fibrous osteodystrophy?

A

Excessive resorption of bone due to PTH & replaced with fibrous connective tissue

25
Q

What is the pathogenesis of fibrous osteodystrophy?

A

1) Increased PTH (HYPERTHYROIDISM)
2) PTH binds to osteoblasts
3) They release from surface of bone & increase osteoclast resorption
4) Increases fibrous proliferation

26
Q

What else can cause the pathogenesis of fibrous osteodystrophy? What is it?

A

PTHrP is structurally similar to PTH and is produced in neoplastic cells of AGASACA & Lymphoma and causes para neoplastic hypercalcemia

27
Q

What are the characteristics of Rickets?

A

 Growing animals
 Effects bone & growth plate cartilage
 Failure of endochondral ossification (results in thickened growth plates)

28
Q

What are the characteristics of Osteomalacia?

A

 Adults
 Failure of mineralization
 Impairs bone remodeling (results in brittle bones that may fracture)

29
Q

What is the most common cause of Rickets and Osteomalacia?

A

Vitamin D or phosphorus deficiency

30
Q

What is hypertrophic osteodystrophy? What causes it?

A

Suppurative osteomyelitis of the metaphysis of long bones just below the growth plate & infraction

Cause unknown

31
Q

What is an infractions?

A

fracture of medullary bone without fracture of cortical bone

32
Q

What is Hypertrophic osteopathy? What does it occur secondary to

A

Bilateral progressive periosteal new bone

Occurs secondary to intrathoracic neoplasms or inflammation (pneumonia)

33
Q

What are primary neoplasms of bone?

A
  • Osteosarcoma
  • Chondrosarcoma
  • Fibrosarcoma
  • Osteoma
  • Chondroma
34
Q

What are secondary neoplasms of bone?

A

Mammary, prostate, thyroid, ovarian, pulmonary carcinomas

Lymphoma

35
Q

What is an Chondrosarcoma?

A

malignant tumor of cartilage

36
Q

What is a Fibrosarcoma?

A

fibroblasts in the medullary cavity malignant

37
Q

What is an Osteoma?

A

benign tumors of bone

38
Q

What is a Chondroma?

A

benign tumors of cartilage

39
Q

What is an Osteosarcoma?

A

Malignant tumor of bone

40
Q

What are the defining characteristics of osteosarcoma?

A

Effects large breeds
Primarily in the primarily in the appendicular skeleton more than the axial skeleton
Don’t cross joints

41
Q

What is the primary site of metastasis for osteosarcoma?

A

Lungs

42
Q

What specific anatomic sites are osteosarcoma usually found?

A

Distal femur
Proximal tibia

43
Q

What is multilobular osteosarcoma?

A

Arise from flat bone

Locally invasive & destructive

Lower metastatic potential than normal osteosarcoma

44
Q

What will osteosarcoma insight?

A

non-neoplastic periosteal proliferation

Moving Exam 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions