pathology

Question 1

what are the types of atelectasis ?

Answer 1

1) resorption
2) compression
3) contraction (Cicatrization)

Question 2

which type of atelectasis is not reversible ?

Answer 2

contraction

Question 3

what are the histologic characteristics of ARDS ?

Answer 3

1) DAD (diffuse alveolar damage)
2) Hyaline membrane
3) fibrin rich edema which contains necrotic cells
4) proliferation of type 2 pneumocytes
5) intra alveolar fibrosis
6) thickening in the alveolar septa (due to collagen deposit)

*note: in the X-ray it will cause bilateral lung opacities

Question 4

the characteristics of emphysema ?

Answer 4

1) enlargement of the air spaces
2) destruction of the alveolar walls +capillaries ( decrease in SA)
3) NO FIBROSIS

main cause is cigarette smoking

Question 5

what type of emphysema is associated with chronic bronchitis ?

Answer 5

Centriacinar emphysema

note :it is more common and severe in the upper lobes (specifically the apex)

Question 6

what type of emphysema is associated with a1- antitrypsin deficiency ?

Answer 6

panacinar emphysema

note: it is more common in the lower lobes

Question 7

what is the most common cause of spontaneous pneumothorax ?

Answer 7

distal acinar emphysema

Question 8

what is the most common form of emphysema ?

Answer 8

irregular emphysema

Question 9

true or false

emphysema can lead to Cor pulmonale

Answer 9

true

Question 10

how do we diagnose chronic bronchitis ?

Answer 10

persistent productive cough in 3 consecutive months for at least 2 consecutive years

Question 11

true or false

chronic bronchitis with significant airway obstruction is almost always associated with emphysema

Answer 11

true

Question 12

true or false

inflammation in chronic bronchitis contains eosinophils

Answer 12

false, it is without eosinophils

Question 13

bronchiolitis obliterans is :

Answer 13

complete obliteration of the lumen because of fibrosis

Question 14

histologic diagnosis of chronic bronchitis presents ?

Answer 14

1) enlargement of the mucus secreting glands
2) metaplasia of goblet cells
3) bronchial cell wall fibrosis

Question 15

the most striking morphologic features in asthma are ?

Answer 15

1) curschmann spirals
2) eosinophils
3) charcot leyden crystals

Question 16

clinical features of asthma

Answer 16

1) dyspnea
2) cough
3) wheezing
4) chest tightness

Question 17

status arthmaticus causes?

Answer 17

1) hypercapnia
2) acidosis
3) hypoxia

note: it can be fatal ,it can last days or even weeks

Question 18

in advanced cases of restrictive pulmonary diseases, what is the appearance of the lung called

Answer 18

honeycomb appearance

Question 19

what is the difference between the LN in sarcoidosis and in tuberculosis ?

Answer 19

in sarcoidosis the LN are not matted , they are not adherent and they do not ulcerate .

Question 20

what is the other name for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ?

Answer 20

cryptogenic fibrosis alveolitis

Question 21

the most prevalent chronic occupational disease in the world is ?

Answer 21

silicosis

Question 22

which pneumoconiosis increase the risk of TB ?

Answer 22

silicosis

Question 23

does cessation of smoking decrease the risk of lung cancer ?

Answer 23

yes, but the risk never reaches the baseline