Pathology Flashcards
what is an oral ulcer?
a discontinuity in the oral mucosa
what types of solitary mouth ulcers are there?
- trauma : chemical/physical
- malignancy
- infective: TB, syphilis
what are the three types of multiple ulcers?
- minor
- major
- herpetiform
what are oral signs of anaemia?
- mucosal pallor
- oral ulcers
- glossitis
- angular chelitis
- predisposition to candida
- disturbed taste
what mucocutaneous disorders cause oral ulcers?
- lichen Planus
- vesiculobulous disease
- lupus erythematosus
How does lichen planus present in the mouth?
- bilateral ulcer
- asymptomatic
- can affect the skin
- potentially malignant
how does lupus erythematosus present in the mouth?
- ulcerations
- white patches
- red and white patches
- similar in appearance to lichen planus
how does VB disease present in the mouth?
- oral lesions are the first manifestation
- oral lesions precede skin lesions by 1 year or more
- painful extensive oral ulcerations
- preceded by blisters -rupture easily
- nikolsky sign
what is the difference between pemphigoid and pemphigus?
the level at which the bullae forms - sub epithelial in pemphigoid and intraepithelial in pemphigus
what GI disease may have mouth manifestations?
- Crohn’s
- ulcerative colitis
- Peutz Jeghers
- gardeners syndrome
what are the oral manifestations of Crohn’s disease?
- cobble-stoning of mucosa
- localised mucogingivitis
- linear ulcerations
- tissue tags/ polyps
- diffuse swelling - commonly of the lips
- pyostomatitis vegetans
what are the oral manifestations of ulcerative colitis?
- oral ulcers
- pyostomatitis vegetans
- angular stomatitis
- reflects severity of intestinal disease
what would white patches in the mouth that wipe off suggest?
usually pseudomembranous candidiasis/thrush
what would white patches that don’t wipe off suggest?
- trauma
- epithelial dysplasia
- neoplasia
- chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
what are the causes of oral pigmentation?
- racial pigmentation
- melanotic macules
- malignancy
- smoking
- addison’s disease
what are causes of xerostomia (dry mouth)?
- drugs
- sjogren’s
- radiation therapy
what are oral manifestations of sjogren syndrome?
- enlarged salivary glands
- as a result of dry mouth - increased caries, decapilalated tongue
what are the oral manifestations of leukaemia?
- gingival enlargement
- petechiae
- mucosal bleeding
- ulceration
- infiltration of malignant cells - boggy gingiva
- candida
- herpes infection
what are the two types of inflammatory disorders of the oesophagus?
acute oesophagitis - rare
chronic oesophagitis - common
what is reflux oesophagitis?
inflammation of oesophagus due to refluxed low pH gastric content
what are the complications of reflux?
- ulceration (bleeding)
- stricture
- barrett’s oesophagus
what is barrett’s oesophagus?
replacement of stratified squamous epithelium by columnar epithelial
what does barrett’s oesophagus increase the risk of?
developing dysplasia and carcinoma of the oesophagus
what benign oesophageal tumours exist?
- squamous papilloma - most common
- leiomyomas
- lipomas
- fibrovascular polyps
- granular cell tumours