Pathology Flashcards
Structures stained by Hematoxilin
in H+E stain
Stains blue to purple: (nucleic acids, Ca+ salts)
Nuclei + Nucleolus
Bacteria
Ca+
Structures stained by Eosin
in H+E stain
Stains pink to red: (most proteins)
Cytoplasm
Collagen + Fibrin
RBCs
Thyroid colloid
Prussian Blue
Histochemical stain
Fe+
Lungs w/ hemoptysis (hemosiderin in macrophages)
Congo Red
Histochemical stain
Amyloid
PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff)
Histochemical stain
High Carbohydrate (CH) content
Basement memb
Trichrome
Histochemical stain
Cells + Connective Tissue (collagen stains blue)
Ziehl-Neelsen
Histochemical stain
Acid-fast bacilli
Reticulin
Histochemical stain
Collagen type III
Cytokeratin
Ab stain
Epithelial cells
Squamous skin cells
Hepatocytes + Pneumocytes
Kidney tubules epit
Bladder transitional epit
Vimentin
Ab stain
Mesenchymal cells (except musc) (stains many sarcomas)
Bone
Cartilage + Connective Tissue
Adipose cells
Desmin
Ab stain
Muscle Cells
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
GFAP
Ab stain
Glial Fibrillary Astrocytic Protein
Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Poisoning
Occupational exposure (Dry Cleaning)
Cyp450 converts CCl4 to Cl3 (free radical)
Damages Brain, Liver, Kidneys
Vinyl Chloride
chemical carcinogen
Liver Angiosarcoma
Acetaminophen Toxicity
95% by glucuronidation (phase II process)
5% by P450 (CYP2E1)
Toxicity produces too much NAPQI (reactive compound) that binds with Glutathione (antioxidant) + depletes it
Produces zone 3 necrosis (centrilobullar area near central vein of liver, high cc P450 - also prone to ischemic damage)
Aromatic Amines + Azo Dyes
chemical carcinogen
Hepatocelullar Carcinoma
+
Bladder cancer
Arsenic
chemical carcinogen
Squamous Cell Skin Carcinoma
+
Liver Angiosarcoma
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
chemical carcinogen
Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Asbestos
chemical carcinogen
Bronchogenic Carcinoma
+
Mesothelioma
Benzene
chemical carcinogen
Leukemia
Naphthylamine + Cyclophosphamide
chemical carcinogen
Bladder cancer
Nitrosamine
chemical carcinogen
Gastric cancer
3 Anaerobic Bacteria assoc w/
Lung Abscesses
Oral Flora producing cavitary lesion w/ air-fluid level
. Bacteroides
. Fusobacterium Nucleatum
. Peptostreptococcus
SVC Sd
Obstruction of venous return of head, neck, arms
Facial + arm swelling, JVD, dyspnea
Assoc w/ Lung cancer (affecting superior mediastinum)
Paget Disease of Bone
Chronic disorder in older males, enlarged head + chronic bone pain, hearing loss, hat size change
Assoc w/ paramyxovirus infection of osteoclasts
. Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase (bone formation)
. Elevated Urinary Hydroxyproline (bone resorption)
