Pathology Flashcards
What disease has proximal muscle weakness particularly of the limbs and is improved by Edrophonium
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS)
What other pathology is Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) a/w?
Small cell lung cancer (paraneoplastic syndrome)
what is the etiology of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome?
Autoantibodies are generated against presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels
Identify the disease: African American elevated ACE, CRP Hypercalcemia bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy cough, dyspnea, chest pain
Sarcoidosis - noncaseating granulomas
How does HCV and HBV differ in their pathogenesis of HCC?
HBV - DNA virus that integrates into genome
HCV - RNA virus, lacks reverse transcriptase and doesnt integrate into the genome
What is the etiology of SLE?
loss of self tolerance = increased autoantibodies
increased immunce complex deposition in tissue
increased complement activation
= decreased complement factors
Alpha fetoprotein is a serum tumor marker for which two tumors?
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Germ cell tumors
What is a common comobidity a/w Giant Cell Arteritis?
Polymyalgia Rheumatica - stiffness or pain in large proximal muscles
Cytokeratin is a immunohistochemical marker for tumors derived what what time type of cell lineage?
Epithelial (ie breast cancer)
What enzyme facilitates basement membrane penetration for invasive tumors
metalloproteinases - zine containing enzyme that degrade components of extracellular membrane
Bitemporal Hemianopsia is most commonly caused by what in:
- children
- adults
- Craniopharyngioma
2. Pituitary adenoma
Small bluish lesion under fingernail
lesion is tender to touch
if lesion is a tumor what is the cell of origin?
Could be a Glomus tumor or Melanoma
- -melanoma - melanocyte
- -glomus tumor - glomus body (modified smooth muscle cells for thermoregulation (direct blood away from surface)
5 year old female brought to ED for lethargy
over past couple days: more lethargic, vomiting
Hx: barking cough, fever, started on meds
Labs: ALT:200 U/L, elevated ammonia
what med is the cause?
what would liver biopsy reveal?
Aspirin
Reye syndrome - happens when aspirin is given to child with an active viral infection
–encephalopathy and signs of acute liver failure
bx: REVERSIBLE fatty changes
What pathology is Myasthenia gravis associated with?
Thymoma - anterior mediastinal mass
45 year old female presents with chest pain (2 days, intermittent, left side)
Jaundice, fever, pallor, tachycardia, hepatosplenomegaly
Coombs test positive
anemia, increase serum LDH, decreased haptoglobin
what is this disease and what is the most common other dz it commonly develops secondary to?
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia(AHA)
–can develop secondary to CLL, SLE, CVID
autopsy of 78 year old male reveals a small heart without significant coronary artery atherosclerosis. Myocardial cells show prominent intracytoplasmic granules that are tinged yellowish-brown
what is the cause?
Lipofuscin = sign of “wear and tear” and aging
–insoluble pigment consisting of lipid polymers, and protein-complexed phospholipids (lipid peroxidation)
In what circumstances is alkaline phosphatase increased?
increased in Cholestasis (eg biliary obstruction)
infiltrative disorders
bone disease
Is prothrombin increased or decreased in advanced liver disease?
increased (decreased production of clotting factors)
What is the most
1. common
2. lethal
cancer in men?
- Prostate
2. Lung
19 year old male presents with numbness and tingling in his lower extremities and loss of balance. Fam hx: Grandmother with T2 DM, Grandfather who died suddenly of an arrhythmia when playing bbal at 21.
Identify dz, and physical exam findings?
Friedreich ataxia - marked ventricular septal hypertrophy (HOCM)
- DM
- autosomal dominant
What is the most appropriate initial step in the management of a patient with Guillain-Barre Syndome?
Respiratory support
What are CSF findings of Multiple Sclerosis (autoimmune disease that causes demyelination of the CNS)?
Oligoclonal bands, IgG
What is the most appropriate intervention for Guillain-Barre syndrome?
Plasmapheresis
–BS is an autoimmune dz
