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Midterm > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

The hip and wrist are common sites of osteoporosis related fractures.
True or false?

A

True

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2
Q

Women are more vulnerable to osteoporosis than men because they lose bone mass more quickly as they age.
True or false?

A

True

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3
Q

Women are more susceptible to osteoporosis than men because they bear children and lactate.
True or false?

A

True

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4
Q

Bone deformity and pain are the most common symptoms of osteoporosis.
True or false?

A

False.

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5
Q

Massage may decrease bone resorption (the release of calcium from bone), leading to improved bone density.
True or false?

A

False

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6
Q

Massage using deep pressure is recommended for osteoporosis.

True or false?

A

False

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7
Q

Massage does not have significant influences on the symptoms of osteoporosis.
True or false?

A

True

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8
Q

Spinal deviation for head forward posture resulting in “hunchback”.

A

Kyphosis

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9
Q

Spinal deviation for lateral curvature of the spine.

A

Scoliosis

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10
Q

Spinal deviation for “swayback”.

A

Lordosis

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11
Q

Spinal deviation for “c-curves”.

A

Scoliosis

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12
Q

Spinal deviation for “s-curves”.

A

Scoliosis

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13
Q

Spinal deviation for “humpback”.

A

Kyphosis

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14
Q

Spinal deviation for “saddleback”.

A

Lordosis

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15
Q

An exaggeration of the normal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine.

A

Lordosis

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16
Q

An exaggeration of the normal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine.

A

Kyphosis

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17
Q

Patellar tracking disorder or runner’s knee, is also known as ________________.

A

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

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18
Q

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome is most commonly seen in young athletes involved in sports (running, soccer, tennis) due to overuse or injury; it is also common in adults over 65.
True or false?

A

True

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19
Q

Patellofemoral pain syndrome is characterized by pain and _________.

A

Crepitus

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20
Q

Massage on hamstrings and quadriceps are recommended with patellofemoral pain syndrome, even when the knee is inflamed or tender.
True or false?

A

False

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21
Q

Osteoarthritis vs Rheumatoid Arthritis:

Progressive damage and eventual loss of articular cartilage

A

Osteoarthritis

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22
Q

Osteoarthritis vs Rheumatoid Arthritis:

The course of this disease is marked by exacerbation so and remissions.

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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23
Q

Osteoarthritis vs Rheumatoid Arthritis:

Pain is relieved by rest; as the disease progresses, pain, joint stiffness, and decreased ROM become more severe.

A

Osteoarthritis

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24
Q

Osteoarthritis vs Rheumatoid Arthritis:

Bouchard nodes or Heberden nodes are classic signs.

A

Osteoarthritis

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25
Q

Osteoarthritis vs Rheumatoid Arthritis:

Chronic, inflammatory, and systemic type of arthritis in which joint synovial membranes are destroyed.

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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26
Q

Osteoarthritis vs Rheumatoid Arthritis:

Hand deformities, such as ulnar deviation, swan neck deformity, and boutonnière deformity are signs.

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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27
Q

Osteoarthritis vs Rheumatoid Arthritis:
Begins with general inflammation and fever, fatigue, stiffness and aching; over time, affected joints become deformed and joint motion is lost.

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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28
Q

Osteoarthritis vs Rheumatoid Arthritis:
Pain relieved by rest; as the disease progresses, pain, joint stiffness and decreased range of motion become more severe.

A

Osteoarthritis

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29
Q

What is Gouty Arthritis?

A

It is a type of inflammatory arthritis resulting from the deposition of uric acid crystals in joints.

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30
Q

The first symptom of Gouty arthritis is usually pain in the ________________.

A

1st metatarsal phalangeal joint

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31
Q

With gout, massage can be performed if the client is feverish or nauseated as long as affected joints are avoided.
True or false?

A

False

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32
Q

Application of heat packs can be beneficial to reduce inflammation.
True or false?

A

False.

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33
Q

Fibromyalgia Syndrome vs Myofascial Pain Syndrome:

Triggerpoints

A

Myofascial pain syndrome

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34
Q

Fibromyalgia Syndrome vs Myofascial Pain Syndrome:

Tender points

A

Fibromyalgia syndrome

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35
Q

Fibromyalgia Syndrome vs Myofascial Pain Syndrome:

Referral pain

A

Myofascial pain syndrome

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36
Q

Fibromyalgia Syndrome vs Myofascial Pain Syndrome:

Mental and physical fatigue

A

Fibromyalgia syndrome

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37
Q

Fibromyalgia Syndrome vs Myofascial Pain Syndrome:

Frequently begins in a localized area, and then becomes more generalized.

A

Fibromyalgia syndrome

38
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease is a patellar tendinitis in the immature bone at the _____________ where the quadriceps attach.

A

Tibial tuberosity

39
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease is seen in children 11 to 13 years of age who participate in sports such as soccer, or basketball. True or false?

A

True

40
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease is more common in girls than boys. True or false?

A

False

41
Q

The etiology of Osgood-Schlatter Disease is inflammation of the bursa around the patellar tendon.
True or false?

A

False

42
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease is caused by the cartilage on the posterior aspect of the patella being worn out. True or false?

A

False

43
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease is marked by localized pain and inflammation that increases with activity involving excessive flexion/extension, or direct trauma.

A

Extension

44
Q

The most frequent cause of whiplash is injury from being pushed or struck from behind such as being rear ended in a motor vehicle accident. True or false?

A

True

45
Q

Massage is appropriate right after the whiplash occurs. True or false?

A

False

46
Q

Massage for whiplash is appropriate after contraindicated injuries have been ruled out, even within 72 hours after the initial injury or acute stage. True or false?

A

False

47
Q

Massage is contra indicated if the client does not have any whiplash signs or symptoms.

A

False

48
Q

Compartment syndrome’s arise when pressure within the fascial compartment increases. Most compartment syndrome’s involve the leg. Which compartments of the leg are most frequently involved?

A

Anterior compartment and superficial posterior compartment

49
Q

Shinsplints is the term used to describe any pain along the tibia/fibula.

A

Tibia

50
Q

Shinsplints is often unilateral/bilateral and is common among people who participate in sports that involve running and jumping.

A

Bilateral

51
Q

Shinsplints are frequently caused by rapidly increased pressure within a fascial compartment. True or false?

A

False

52
Q

What does ICE stand for?

A

Ice, compression and elevation.

53
Q

Shinsplints, if not resolved, can be a precursor to anterior compartment syndrome. Which of the following muscles are most frequently involved in shinsplints?

A

Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucus longus, extensor digitorum longus.

54
Q

Osteoporosis mainly affects men because they have lower bone density than women.
True or false?

A

False

55
Q

Chondromalacia patella is synonymous with which spinal deviation?

A

Patellofemoral syndrome

56
Q

The term “swayback” is synonymous with which spinal deviation?

A

Lordosis

57
Q

The term “flatfoot” is synonymous with which spinal deviation?

A

Pes planus

58
Q

The term degenerative joint disease is synonymous with which spinal deviation?

A

Osteoarthritis

59
Q

The term humpback is synonymous with which spinal deviation?

A

Kyphosis

60
Q

The term medial tibial stress syndrome is synonymous with which spinal deviation?

A

Shin splints

61
Q

Tennis elbow is synonymous with which spinal deviation?

A

Lateral epicondylitis

62
Q

Frozen shoulder is synonymous with which spinal deviation?

A

Adhesive capsulitis

63
Q

Tibial tuberosity apophysitis is synonymous with which spinal deviation?

A

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

64
Q

Metabolic arthritis is synonymous with which spinal deviation or pathology?

A

Gout

65
Q

A progressive, degenerative neurological disorder that produces a syndrome of abnormal movements such as resting tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural abnormalities, and mask like appearance.

A

Parkinson’s disease

66
Q

Nerves in the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex atrophy.

A

Huntington’s disease

67
Q

A progressive, degenerative disease of the brain that produces a typical profile of mental deterioration and personality changes.

A

Alzheimer’s disease

68
Q

A progressive destruction of myelin sheaths of neurons of the brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves; especially the optic nerve.

A

Multiple sclerosis

69
Q

Neurons in the basal ganglia undergo degenerative changes.

A

Parkinson’s disease

70
Q

A form of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s disease

71
Q

And inherited degenerative disorder characterized by motor disturbances, mental deterioration, and abnormal behavior.

A

Huntington’s disease

72
Q

Splinting is a type of spasm that is a reflexive reaction against injury. True or false?

A

True

73
Q

Muscles in spasm as part of a splinting mechanism should be locally avoided until the subacute or post acute stage of injury. True or false?

A

True

74
Q

Inflammation of the sciatic nerve

A

Sciatica

75
Q

A neurological condition of the fascial nerve

A

Bells palsy

76
Q

Compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

77
Q

Compression of nerves in the brachioplexus alone or along with the subclavian artery and vein.

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome

78
Q

Low back pain that radiates into the buttocks, down the legs, and into the foot; paralysis; muscle weakness.

A

Sciatica

79
Q

Pain and paraesthesias down the affected arm; muscle weakness.

A

TOS

80
Q

Pain and paraesthesias in the lateral side of the affected hands and fingers; muscle weakness; muscle atrophy in severe or chronic cases.

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

81
Q

Weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face.

A

Bells palsy.

82
Q

The inflammation of the tendon

A

Tendinitis

83
Q

The inflammation of the tendon where it attaches to a bone; the most commonly affected epicondylar region is the elbow.

A

Epicondylitis

84
Q

The loss of normal bone density.

A

Osteoporosis

85
Q

A softening and D generation of the articular cartilage, most frequently on the posterior patella.

A

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

86
Q

A pouch like structure filled with snow feel fluid arising from joint capsules or tendon sheaths, usually on the wrist.

A

Ganglion cyst

87
Q

And accumulation of synovial fluid behind the knee.

A

Baker’s cyst

88
Q

The inflammation involves tendon and the sheath surrounding the tendon.

A

Tenosynovitis

89
Q

A post filled with keratinous material such as sebum,usually found on the scalp, face, base of ears, or chest.

A

Epidermal cyst

90
Q

A disorder of the shoulder joint and it’s capsule, which becomes initially inflamed and eventually stiff or frozen.

A

Adhesive capsulitis

91
Q

A condition in which pressure within the fascial compartment increases; the increased pressure results in decreased blood supply and ischemia.

A

Compartment syndrome

92
Q

A chronic disease characterized by thickening or hardening of the skin; it is caused by overproduction of collagen.

A

Scleroderma

Midterm (5 decks)

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