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MS2 Unit 4 ER > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

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1
Q

Child under 4 with rash on the palms and soles, Dz can be treated with ASA

A

Kawasaki Dz

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2
Q

What are the Large vessel vasculitides?

A
  1. Temporal Giant Cell Arteritis

2. Takayasu Arterieis

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3
Q

What are the small vessel vasculitides?

A
  1. Wegener’s Granulomatosis, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
  2. Microscopic Polyangitis
  3. Churg-Strauss Syndrome
  4. HSP: Henoch-Scholein Purpura
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4
Q

What are the medium vessel vasculitides?

A
  1. Polyarteritis Nodosa
  2. Kawasaki Dz
  3. Buerger Disease
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5
Q

Associated with HBsAg (Poly arteritis nodosa/ Kawasaki Disease/ Buerger Disease)

A

Poly arteritis nodosa

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6
Q

Dz in asian child less than 4 (Poly arteritis nodosa/ Kawasaki Disease/ Buerger Disease)

A

Kawasaki Disease

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7
Q

Palmar and sole rash, conjunctivitis, fever

Poly arteritis nodosa/ Kawasaki Disease/ Buerger Disease

A

Kawasaki Disease

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8
Q

treat with ASA

Poly arteritis nodosa/ Kawasaki Disease/ Buerger Disease

A

Kawasaki Disease

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9
Q

Raynaud’s often present (Poly arteritis nodosa/ Kawasaki Disease/ Buerger Disease)

A

Buerger Disease

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10
Q

Vasculitis due to IgA immune complex deposition (Wegener’s Granulomatosis/ Microscopic Polyangitis/ Churg-Strauss Syndrome/ HSP)

A

HSP: Henoch-Scholein Purpura

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11
Q

palpable purpura, GI bleeding (Wegener’s Granulomatosis/ Microscopic Polyangitis/ Churg-Strauss Syndrome/ HSP)

A

HSP: Henoch-Scholein Purpura

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12
Q

C-ANCA (+) (Wegener’s Granulomatosis/ Microscopic Polyangitis/ Churg-Strauss Syndrome/ HSP)

A

Wegener’s Granulomatosis

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13
Q

Granulomatosis with Eosinophils

Wegener’s Granulomatosis/ Microscopic Polyangitis/ Churg-Strauss Syndrome/ HSP

A

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

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14
Q

Has RPGN, Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis

Wegener’s Granulomatosis/ Microscopic Polyangitis/ Churg-Strauss Syndrome/ HSP

A

Wegener’s Granulomatosis

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15
Q

What are the 2 functions of Angiotensin II?

A
  1. contract arteriolar smooth muscle

2. promote adrenal release of aldosterone

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16
Q

Thickening of an artery wall is called _________

A

Arteriosclerosis

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17
Q

Thickening of large or medium sized arteries with an intimal plaque is called ______

A

Atherosclerosis

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18
Q

Thickening of small arteries is called ________

A

Arteriolosclerosis

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19
Q

The two types of Arteriolosclerosis are ______ and _______

A
  1. Hyperplastic

2. Hyaline

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20
Q

Leaking of protein across a blood vessel wall is called _______ Arteriolosclerosis

A

Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis

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21
Q

The two major factors that lead to Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis are

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. Diabetes
    both cause protein to leak across the basement membrane
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22
Q

Hyperplastic Arteriolosclerosis is usually due to _______ ________

A

malignant hypertension

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23
Q

Medium to large vessels (Atherosclerosis/ Arteriolosclerosis)

A

Atherosclerosis

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24
Q

Small vessels (Atherosclerosis/ Arteriolosclerosis)

A

Arteriolosclerosis

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25
Q

Lipid leaks past endothelium (Atherosclerosis/ Arteriolosclerosis)

A

Atherosclerosis

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26
Q

Protein leaks past basement membrane (Atherosclerosis/ Arteriolosclerosis)

A

Arteriolosclerosis

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27
Q

Marfan’s syndrome is a defect of _______, which forms elastic fibers in connective tissue

A

fibrillin-1

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28
Q

Ehlers-Danlos is a defect in _______

A

collagen

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29
Q

A benign tumor of blood vessels is called a ________

A

hemangioma

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30
Q

A malignant proliferation of endothelial cells associated with PVC, arsenic ans thorotrast is called a _________

A

Angiosarcoma

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31
Q

HHV-8 can cause purple patches, plaques or nodules by infecting ______ cells

A

endothelial cells

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32
Q

The major mechanism of Nitroglycerin for angina is to decrease ________

A

pre-load of the heart

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33
Q

Chest pain that arises only with exertion, not at rest, is called ______ ______

A

stable angina

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34
Q

Chest pain that arises at rest is called ______ ______

A

unstable angina

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35
Q

episodes of chest pain unrelated to exertion, due to vasospasam is called ______ _____

A

Prinzmetal angina

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36
Q 
Stable Angina (ST-↑/ ST-↓)
Unstable Angina (ST-↑/ ST-↓)
Prinzmetal Angina  (ST-↑/ ST-↓)
A

Stable Angina: ST-↓
Unstable Angina: ST-↓
Prinzmetal Angina: ST-↑

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37
Q

Autoimmune pericarditis 6-8 weeks after MI is called ______ syndrome

A

dressler’s

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38
Q

‘heart failure cells’ are alveolar macrophages laden with _______

A

hemociderin

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39
Q

enlargement of the right ventricle due to increased resistance in the lungs is called ___ _______

A

cor pulmonale

40
Q

Which is associated with down’s syndrome (osteum primum/ osteum secundum)

A

osteum secundum

41
Q

narrowing of a section of the aorta is called _______

A

coarctation

42
Q

sterile vegetations on both sides of the mitral valve, associated with SLE is called ___ _____ ______

A

Libmann-sack’s endocarditis

43
Q

Sterile vegetation on the mitral valve with hyper-coagulable state, underlying adenocarcinoma is called ____________

A

non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis

44
Q

infectious agent for endocarditis in IV drug user:

A

S. aureus

45
Q

Infectious agent for endocarditis on prosthetic valve

A

S. epidermidis

46
Q

Infectious agent for endocarditis with underlying colorectal carcinoma

A

S. bovis

47
Q

MC cause of infectious endocarditis

A

S. viridians

48
Q

Where can you find Anitschkow cells?

A

in Aschoff bodies of rheumatic fever

49
Q

myocarditis is most commonly cause by ________ virus

A

coxsackie virus

50
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is hypertrophy of the _______ (chamber of the heart)

A

left ventricle

51
Q

The inflammatory granulomas of sarcoidosis can cause (dilated/restrictive) cardiomyopathy

A

Restrictive cadiomyopathy

52
Q

Endocardial fibroelastosis causes thickening of the (endo/myo/epi) cardium

A

endo

53
Q

Loeffler syndrome causes inflammation of the endo + myocardium with _______ cells infiltrating

A

eosinophils

54
Q

Low voltage EKG with diminished QRS amplitudes indicated _______

A

CHF or restrictive cardiomyopathy

55
Q

The most common primary heart tumor in adults is a _____

A

Myxoma

56
Q

Which heart tumor is seen in tuberous sclerosis? (Rhabdomyoma/Myxoma)

A

Rhabdomyoma

57
Q

Usually arises in ventricle (Rhabdomyoma/Myxoma)

A

Rhabdomyoma

58
Q

metastatic tumors to the heart usually affect the (endo/ myo/ epi/ peri) cardium

A

pericardium

59
Q

causes 95% of pneumonias (S. pneumoniae/ Klebsiella pneumoniae)

A

S. pneumoniae

60
Q

has current jelly sputum (S. pneumoniae/ Klebsiella pneumoniae)

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

61
Q

collection of pus in the pleural space is called _______

A

empyema

62
Q

Coxiella burnetii is know for causing the disease __ ______

A

Q fever

63
Q

COPD with dilated alveolar sacs (Chronic Bronchitis/ Emphysema/ Asthma/ Bronchiectasis)

A

Emphysema

64
Q

COPD measured by a reid index >50% (Chronic Bronchitis/ Emphysema/ Asthma/ Bronchiectasis)

A

Chronic bronchitis

65
Q

COPD caused by upset of the protease: anti-protease, A1AT, (Chronic Bronchitis/ Emphysema/ Asthma/ Bronchiectasis)

A

Emphysema

66
Q

Smoking results in (centriacinar/ panacinar) emphysema

A

centriacinar

67
Q

COPD with Prolonged expiration with pursed lips (Chronic Bronchitis/ Emphysema/ Asthma/ Bronchiectasis)

A

Emphysema

68
Q

In asthma, allergens induce a (Th1/ Th2) phenotype in CD4+ T-cells inducing secretion of IL-__

A

Th2

secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-10

69
Q

Asthma: Th2 cells induce plasma cells to class switch to IgE using (IL-4/ IL-5/ IL-10)

A

IL-4

70
Q

Asthma: Th2 cells call in eosinophils using (IL-4/ IL-5/ IL-10)

A

IL-5

71
Q

Asthma: suppresses the Th1 response and enhances more of the Th2 response (IL-4/ IL-5/ IL-10)

A

IL-10

72
Q

Aggregated of major basic protein from Eosinonphiles that can end up in an asthmatic’s sputum are called _____ ______ crystals

A

Charcot-Leyden crystals

73
Q

COPD wth Permanent dilation of the airways (Chronic Bronchitis/ Emphysema/ Asthma/ Bronchiectasis)

A

Bronchiectasis

74
Q

FEV1:FVC ratio is decreased (obstructive/ restrictive) lung disease

A

obstructive

75
Q

FEV1:FVC ratio is increased (obstructive/ restrictive) lung disease

A

restrictive

76
Q

Restrictive Dz: caused by exposure to silica, coal, beryllium, asbestos (Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/ pneumoconioses/ Sarcoidosis/ hypersensitivity pneumonitis)

A

pneumoconioses

77
Q

Restrictive Dz: cyclical lung injury with TGF-b released from injured pneumocytes (Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/ pneumoconioses/ Sarcoidosis/ hypersensitivity pneumonitis)

A

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

78
Q

associated with RA in Caplan’s syndrome (coal worker’s lung/ silicosis/ berylliosis/ asbestosis)

A

coal worker’s lung

79
Q

increases risk for TB, impairs phagolysosomal fusion (coal worker’s lung/ silicosis/ berylliosis/ asbestosis)

A

silica, silicosis

80
Q

non-caseating granulomas in lung, lymphnodes, and systemic organs (coal worker’s lung/ silicosis/ berylliosis/ asbestosis)

A

silicosis

81
Q

has risk of mesothelioma, cancer of the pleura (coal worker’s lung/ silicosis/ berylliosis/ asbestosis)

A

asbestosis

82
Q

Restrictive Dz: has epithelioid histiocytes forming giant cells and asteroid bodies

(Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/ pneumoconioses/ Sarcoidosis/ hypersensitivity pneumonitis)

A

Sarcoidosis

non-caseating granuloma formation have epithelioid histiocytes

83
Q

Restrictive Dz: granulomatous w/ eosinophils, rxn to inhaled organic agent

(Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/ pneumoconioses/ Sarcoidosis/ hypersensitivity pneumonitis)

A

hypersensitivity pneumonitis

84
Q

inactivation of BMPR2 with proliferation of vascular sm. muscle (primary/ secondary) pulmonary HTN

A

primary

85
Q

typically not amenable to surgery, required chemo

SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioalveolar/ carcinoid

A

Small cell lung carcinoma, SCLC

86
Q

May produce ADH or ATCH, associated with Lambert-Eaton syndrome
(SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioalveolar/ carcinoid)

A

Small cell lung carcinoma, SCLC

87
Q

Keratin pearls, desmosomal connections, PTHrP syndrome

SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioalveolar/ carcinoid

A

Squamous cell Carcinoma

88
Q

peripheral location, glands and mucus,

SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioalveolar/ carcinoid

A

Adenocarcinoma

89
Q

Arises from Clara cells, columnar cells grow

SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioloalveolar/ carcinoid

A

bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

grows along pre-existing bronchioles and alveoli

90
Q

Better treated with surgery, does not respond as well to chemo
(SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioloalveolar/ carcinoid)

A

All NSCLC,

Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell, Large cell, bronchioloalveolar, carcinoid

91
Q

Has neuroendocrine cells that stain chromogranin positive

SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioloalveolar/ carcinoid

A

carcinoid tumor (and SCLS)

92
Q

which has poorly differentiated neuroendocrine cells?
Which has well differentiated neuroendocrine cells?
(SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioloalveolar/ carcinoid)

A

SCLS: poorly differentiated neuroendocrine cells

carcinoid tumor: well differentiated neuroendocrine cells

93
Q

forms a polyp like mass in the bronchus (SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioloalveolar/ carcinoid)

A

carcinoid tumo

94
Q

The visceral pleura and parietal pleura of the lung are lined by _____ cells

A

mesothelial cells

95
Q

trachea deviates to ipsilateral side (tension pneumothorax/ spontaneous pneumothorax)

A

spontaneous pneumothorax, lung collapse, trachea moves to that side

96
Q

trachea deviates to contralateral side (tension pneumothorax/ spontaneous pneumothorax)

A

tension pneumothorax, puncture chest wall, air pulled into pleural space, pushed trachea to other side

97
Q

P-ANCA (+) (Wegener’s Granulomatosis/ Microscopic Polyangitis/ Churg-Strauss Syndrome/ HSP)

A

Microscopic Polyangitis and

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

MS2 Unit 4 ER (3 decks)

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