Microbiology Flashcards
yeast with multiple buds (Coccidioides immitis/ Histoplasma / Blastomyces dermatitis/ Paracoccidioides)
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Survive endocytosis and lysosomal fusion (Coccidioides immitis/ Histoplasma / Blastomyces dermatitis/ Paracoccidioides)
Histoplasma capsulatum
Endemic to the southwest CA, AZ, NM, TX
Coccidioides/ Histoplasma / Blastomyces dermatitis/ Paracoccidioides
Coccidioides immitis
Endemic to eastern North america and great lakes region (Coccidioides/ Histoplasma/ Blastomyces/ Paracoccidioides)
Blastomyces dermatitis
endemic to rural latin america (Coccidioides/ Histoplasma/ Blastomyces/ Paracoccidioides)
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
chronic adult form can have latency of up to 30 years (Coccidioides/ Histoplasma/ Blastomyces/ Paracoccidioides)
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
PPD may be useful if positive for this fungal infection
Coccidioides/ Histoplasma/ Blastomyces/ Paracoccidioides
Coccidioides immitis
Which is thermally dimorphic? (Coccidioides/ Histoplasma/ Blastomyces/ Paracoccidioides)
ALL of them!
immunosuppression and disseminated infection with this mycoses can lead to tongue ulcerations (Coccidioides/ Histoplasma/ Blastomyces/ Paracoccidioides)
Histoplasma capsulatum
This systemic mycosis can cause erythema nodosum or “desert bumps” (Coccidioides/ Histoplasma/ Blastomyces/ Paracoccidioides)
Coccidioides immitis,
the immune system is turing on the granuloma formation response
(also possible with histoplasmosis)
spread by bird droppings, bat guano (Coccidioides/ Histoplasma/ Blastomyces/ Paracoccidioides)
Histoplasma capsulatum
in culture, little pears growing on a branch (Coccidioides/ Histoplasma/ Blastomyces/ Paracoccidioides)
Blastomyces dermatitis
US endemic dimorphic fungi (Coccidioides/ Histoplasma/ Blastomyces/ Paracoccidioides)
Coccidioides immitis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitis
South American + Latin American endemic dimorphic fungi (Coccidioides/ Histoplasma/ Blastomyces/ Paracoccidioides)
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
mold in cold, yeast in heat (Coccidioides/ Histoplasma/ Blastomyces/ Paracoccidioides)
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Coccidioides is mold in cold, sphereule endospore in heat
Very little inflammatory response with this opportunistic fungus (Cryptococcus/ Aspergillus/ Mucor/ Fusarium)
Cryptococcus, C neoformans and C gattii
opportunistic fungus with Septate hyphae with v-shapped branches (Cryptococcus/ Aspergillus/ Mucor/ Fusarium)
Aspergillus fumigatus
produces gliotoxin virulence factor, which is immunosuppressive (Cryptococcus/ Aspergillus/ Mucor/ Fusarium)
Aspergillus fumigatus
biopsy of this fungal infections shows septate hyphae budding at acute angles (Cryptococcus/ Aspergillus/ Mucor/ Fusarium)
Aspergillus fumigatus
Rare, dangerous, death by sinus infection (Cryptococcus/ Aspergillus/ Mucor/ Fusarium)
Mucor (Rhizopus)
Biopsy shows non-septate hyphae branching at right angles (Cryptococcus/ Aspergillus/ Mucor/ Fusarium)
Mucor (Rhizopus)
Has both a yeast form and a mold form (Cryptococcus/ Aspergillus/ Mucor/ Fusarium)
only Fusarium! helps differentiate from Aspergillus
especially infects patients with uncontrolled diabetes (Cryptococcus/ Aspergillus/ Mucor/ Fusarium)
Mucor (Rhizopus)
The most important predisposition for infection with this opportunistic mycosis is HIV (Cryptococcus/ Aspergillus/ Mucor/ Fusarium)
Cryptococcus
Stain CSF of suspected infected patient with india ink (Cryptococcus/ Aspergillus/ Mucor/ Fusarium)
Cryptococcus
what component of the TB wall accounts for it being Acid-Fast?
Mycolic acid
Which T-cells does the CMI use to fight TB?
CD+ Th-1 cells
A granuloma full of tuberculosis is called a ________
tubercule
inflammation of lymph nodes in the neck in an adult by reactivating TB is called _______
scrofula
When TB infects the bones of the spine it is know as ______ disease
Pott’s
A calcified TB lesion of the lung plus a hilar lymph node is called a _____ _____
Ghon complex
In Lepromatous leprosy, there is a useless (Th1/ Th2) response
Th2
Immunogenic nerve damage happens in (Tuberculoid/ Lepromatous) leprosy
Tuberculoid
Bacterial nerve damage happens in (Tuberculoid/ Lepromatous) leprosy
Lepromatous
Lepromatous skin test positive (Tuberculoid/ Lepromatous) leprosy
Tuberculoid, positive
Lepromatous, negative no CMI
Leprosy is treated with ______
Dapsone (+ rifampin)
produces pyocyanin with green color
P. aeruginosa/ B. cepacia/ B. pseudomallei/ B. mallei
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
commonly affects patients with CF, not healthy patients
P. aeruginosa/ B. cepacia/ B. pseudomallei/ B. mallei
Burkholderia cepacia
maintained in animal reservoirs abroad
P. aeruginosa/ B. cepacia/ B. pseudomallei/ B. mallei
Burkholderia mallei
From contaminated water or soil, may be seen as reactivation in Vietnam vets (P. aeruginosa/ B. cepacia/ B. pseudomallei/ B. mallei)
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Obligate intracellular (Pseudomonas + Burkholderia/ Chlamydia)
Chlamydia
Very antibiotic resistant (Pseudomonas + Burkholderia/ Chlamydia)
Pseudomonas + Burkholderia
pneumonia with history of bird handling (C. pneumoniae/ C. psittaci/ C. trachomatis)
C. psittaci
community acquired pneumonia, risk at nursing homes (C. pneumoniae/ C. psittaci/ C. trachomatis)
C. pneumoniae
transmitted when infant passes though birth canal (C. pneumoniae/ C. psittaci/ C. trachomatis)
C. trachomatis
Legionella has a type (1/2/3/4) secretion system
T4SS
Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a type (1/2/3/4) secretion system
T3SS
Chlamydia has a type (1/2/3/4) secretion system
T3SS
can cause both pneumonia and hepatitis (legionella/ Coxiella burnetti/ mycoplasma)
Coxiella burnetti
the only bacteria without a cell wall (legionella/ Coxiella burnetti/ mycoplasma)
mycoplasma
CARDS exotoxin causes ciliary stasis (legionella/ Coxiella burnetti/ mycoplasma)
mycoplasma
prevents alveolar macrophages from doing phago-lysosomal fusion (legionella/ Coxiella burnetti/ mycoplasma)
legionella
coxiella SURVIVES endolysosomal fusion
antibodies cross reactive with RBC’s, cold agglutinins, pt may become anemic (legionella/ Coxiella burnetti/ mycoplasma)
mycoplasma
replicate in nucleus, segmented ssRNA (orthomyxovirus/ paramyxovirus)
orthomyxovirus
replicate in cytoplasm, non-segmented ssRNA (orthomyxovirus/ paramyxovirus)
paramyxovirus
To vaccinate against Haemophilus influenza, we target the capsule protein called ___
PRP, polyribosyl ribitol phosphate
for Hib
H. influenza strain Hib is more pathogenic than the NTHi due to it’s immune evading ________
capsule
which is well known for causing epiglottitis? (Hib/ C. pneumoniae/ Mucor (Rhizopus)/ B pertussis)
Haemophilus influenza b, Hib
Growing Haemophilus influenza in culture requirers growth on chocolate agar with both coag factors __ and ___
X and V
Which can attached to and kill the cilia of elevator in the respiratory tract (Hib/ C. pneumoniae/ Mucor (Rhizopus)/ B pertussis)
B pertussis
What causes ‘whooping cough’? (Hib/ C. pneumoniae/ Mucor (Rhizopus)/ B pertussis)
B pertussis
Which has a vaccine available? (H. influenza Hib/ H. influenza NTHi/ B. purtussis)
H. influenza Hib and B. pertussis
Which has fillamentous haemaglutinin? (H. influenza Hib/ H. influenza NTHi/ B. purtussis)
B pertussis