pathology 3

Question 1

pt presenting with symptoms of hypothyroidism. What further questions to ask

Answer 1

Recent cold intolerance
H/o loss of hair (especially eyebrows)
Changes compared to old photographs
Pain in the hand (due to carpal tunnel syndrome)
Any h/o neck surgery
Any h/o drugs

Question 2

How does hypothyroidism manifest in children

Answer 2

a) untreated maternal hypothyroid state

b) inherited enzyme deficiency

Question 3

how does hypothyroidism manifest in adults

Answer 3

Manifests as a syndrome of Myxoedema due to

a) Surgical ablation of the gland (due to malignancy or thyrotoxicosis)
b) Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
c) Due to certain drugs

Question 4

Drugs associated with hypothyroidism

Answer 4

Antithyroid drugs e.g. carbimazole
Amiodarone
Lithium
Iodine

Question 5

What is hashimotos

Answer 5

Has antimicrosomal antibody and antibody against Tbg (thyroid binding globulin) so reduced production of t3 and t4

Question 6

histological findings of Hashimoto

Answer 6

Atrophic follicles

Lymphoid aggregates with prominent germinal centres

Question 7

Complications of hashimotos

Answer 7

Heart problems due to cholesterol, enlarged heart, heart failure

Mental illness

Lymphoma