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FFP diabetes and thyroid disorders > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of thyroid enlargement

A

goitre
hashimotos
graves
tumour

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2
Q

Causes if a simple goitre

A

Low t3 and t4 causing high ash and hyperplasia of thyroid epithelial cells due to:

  • iodine deficiency
  • defective synthesis of t3 and t3
  • drrugs
  • diet
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3
Q

features of a simple goitre

A

diffuse enlargement of entire thyroid

  • Initially hyperplasia of thyroid epithelium
  • thyroid follicles become enlarged and filled with colloid and epithelial cells flatten as demand for thyroid hormone subsides
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4
Q

features of a multi nodular colloid goitre

A

Often follows colloid goitre

  • Nodularity caused by recurrent episodes of thyroid epithelial hyperplasia and involution
  • Thought to be caused by never response of thyroid epithelial cells to TSH
  • Cysts, haemorrhage, scarring and calcification occur
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5
Q

clinical features of multi nodular colloid goitre

A 
Cosmetic 
Compression of teachea
Dysphagia
Compression of large vessels in neck 
Hyperthyroidism if hyper functioning nodule
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6
Q

Autoimmune types of thyroiditis

A

Hashimotis

Graves

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7
Q

Other causes of thyroiditis

A

De quervains
Reidels
Infectious

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8
Q

signs and symptoms of hashimotis

A 
Diffuse thyroid enlargement 
Myxoedema
Reduced MR
Slow physical, mental activity
Coldness
Thin hair
Hoarse, deep voice
Heart failure
Hyperlipidaemia
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9
Q

Pathological features of hashimotos

A

Thyroid diffuse enlargement

Dense lymphoid infiltrate with lymphoid follicles continuing germinal centres

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10
Q

symptoms of graves

A 
Exophthalmos 
Hot
Weight loss
Tachycardia 
Diarrhoea
Anxiety and restless hyperactivity
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11
Q

pathological features of graves

A

Hyperplasia of thyroid follicle epithelial cells
Scalloping of colloid
Lymphoid infiltrate

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12
Q

Examples of thyroid neoplasms

A 
Adenoma 
Papillary carcinoma 
Follicular carcinoma 
Medullary carcinoma 
Anapaestic carcinoma 
Lymphoma
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13
Q

what is an adenoma

-Do they synthesise t3 and t3

A

Encapsulated round mass derived from follicle epithelium

-rarely

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14
Q

What are the types of adenomas

A

Micro and macro follicular

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15
Q

features of papillary carcinoma

A

spread via lymph to thyroid and cervical lymph nodes

-slow growing and good prognosis

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16
Q

Features of follicular carcinoma

A

Round, encapsulated nodule

  • Invade thyroid, capsule and or vessels
  • Tend to metastasise to bone or lung
  • Treated with radioactive iodine
17
Q

features of a medullary carcinoma

A

Neuroendocrine tumour of C
Tumour produces calcitonin
May produce 5-HT causing carcinoid syndrome symptoms
Amyloid produced within tumour

18
Q

Features of anapaestic carcinoma

A

derived from follicular epithelium

Diffusely infiltrative, may invade trachea

FFP diabetes and thyroid disorders (13 decks)

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