Pathology Flashcards
Name of the imaging technique where a microscope is used to visualize cellular changes on the cervix
Colposcopy
Which CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasm) levels correspond with LSIL and HSIL?
LSIL: CIN 1
HSIL: CIN 2, CIN 3
What type of sample is required for the confirmation of herpes lesions?
Tzanck preparation
- requires the scraping of a freshly opened vesicle
ACS screening guidelines for cervical cancer
25 to 65: HPV every 5 years
(or HPV with PAP every 5 or PAP every 3)
Two screening tests for cervical cancer
- Pap smear
- HPV testing
Ewing’s sarcoma is most often seen in this area of a bone
Metadiaphysis
Electron microscopy is a useful pathology examination tool for these three types of difficult diagnoses
- Poorly differentiated neoplasms
- Tumor classification
- Research
Three criteria for a fever of unknown origin
- Fever higher than 38.3c on several occasions
- Duration of fever for at least three weeks
- Uncertain diagnosis after one week of hospital study
True or false. Tissue fixation and staining is not utilized in frozen sectioning of tissue samples and results are available in 10 to 20 minutes
True
Ewing sarcoma most often occurs in patients of this age
10 to 20
Which pathologic examination technique is used for the confirmation of herpes?
Tzanck preparation
- uses freshly opened vesicles
Which type of skin specimens are better than culture at screening for fungal infection?
KOH scrapings
Which type of pathology examination utilizes antibody binding to show the presence of an antigen?
Immunofluorescence
This type of pathology examination is used for the immediate diagnosis of syphilis
Darkfield examination
What is seen on a tzanck preparation to confirm the diagnosis of herpes?
Multinucleated giant cells
Moth-eaten destructive permeated lucent lesions seen on x-ray is suggestive of this condition
Ewing sarcoma
Explain the process of darkfield examination and what it’s used for
- Curettage scraping of ulcer
- Requires darkfield microscopy
- Immediate diagnosis of syphilis
Most common bone to see Ewing’s sarcoma
Femur
Explain the process of obtaining a scabies scraping
- # 15 blade moistened with oil
- Scrape burrow or papule vigorously
- Black speck may be adult mite
Which type of lesions are KOH scrapings typically used on?
Scaly lesions
(KOH good for fungal infections)
How to confirm bacteremia with a blood culture?
- MUST have two different culture specimens from two different sites
- If only one sample produces bacteria, assume contamination
- Two positives = confirmed bacteremia
- Cultures should be performed before antibiotic therapy is started
What are the two fixatives of choice to stop the decay of tissue specimens?
- Formaldehyde
- Formalin
What is the most common abnormal PAP test finding?
Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US)
This pathology examination technique is used to differentiate lymphomas, melanomas, CMV, toxoplasma, hormone receptors, oncogene products, etc
Immunofluorescence
Most common type of carcinoma in cervical cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
USPSTF screening guidelines for cervical cancer
- 21 to 29 = PAP every 3 years
- 30 to 65 = continue as above or HPV with/without PAP every 5 years
Which type of pathology examination utilizes ultra-thin sections, with specimens embedded in hard epoxy resins?
Electron microscopy
On pap smear, atypical glandular cells (AGC) are detected. What is the next step?
- AGC can be a sign of a serious problem in the uterus
- Further testing required
On pap smear, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) are detected. What is the next step?
- HPV test
- If positive, need follow up tests
