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CDP > Intro to Radiology > Flashcards

Intro to Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

The five most common imaging modalities in order from least to most expensive

A

Radiography

Ultrasound

CT

Nuclear medicine

MRI

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2
Q

Contrast used with MRI imaging used for neoplasms, infections, inflammation, or vasculature

A

Gadolinium

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3
Q

Which two imaging types are preferred in pregnancy?

A

Ultrasound

MRI

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4
Q

Is fat or water brighter in a T1 MRI?

A

Fat is brighter

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5
Q

Two common clinical indications for MRI with contrast of the CNS

A

Evaluate for primary and metastatic tumor

Differentiate active versus inactive lesions of MS

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6
Q

Which, planar or cross-sectional images, provide three dimensional images from two-dimensional slices?

A

Cross-sectional (CT, ultrasound, MRI)

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7
Q

Two common clinical indications for MRI with contrast of the musculoskeletal system

A

Osteomyelitis

Tumor characterization and assessment of disease extent

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8
Q

Wil movement of the object further to the x-ray machine (closer from the plate) provide a larger/smaller or fuzzier/sharper?

A

Smaller and sharper

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9
Q

Two strengths of MRI imaging

A

Superior soft-tissue contrast

Lack of ionizing radiation

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10
Q

Seven strengths of ultrasound

A

Widely available and cheap
Portable
Safe
Comfortable for patient
Real-time imaging
Good for seeing soft tissue
Doppler available to evaluate blood flow

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11
Q

Anatomic structures stacking on top of one another creating the appearance of increased density is an example of …

A

Superimposition

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12
Q

Does angiography provide a live or static image?

A

Static image

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13
Q

Which, planar or cross-sectional images, compress a large amount of information into a two-dimensional image?

A

Planar (C-XRs, mammography)

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14
Q

Which image plane looks through the body from a top down position?

A

Axial/transverse

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15
Q

One common clinical indication for MRI with contrast of the heart

A

Characterization of cardiac masses

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16
Q

Which, a CT or x-ray, gives a patient more radiation?

A

CT

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17
Q

Strengths (3) of CT scanning

A

Speed

Higher contrast resolution

Ability to manipulate image in post-processing on computers

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18
Q

Three weaknesses of MRI

A

Cost

Time

Can’t use with metal

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19
Q

Two types of nuclear imaging

A

PET (positron emission tomography)

SPECT (single photon emission tomography)

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20
Q

Is an x-ray with enhanced soft tissue visibility more likely to be over-penetrated or under-penetrated?

A

Under-penetrated

21
Q

One common clinical indication for MRI with contrast of the abdomen/pelvis

A

Detection and characterization of mass lesions in the liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, bowel, urinary collecting system, uterus and adnexa, and prostate

22
Q

Increased slice thickness in a CT image may lead to this undesirable effect

A

Partial volume artifact

(aka volume averaging or slice thickness artifact)

23
Q

Two weaknesses of ultrasound

A

Dependent on operator skill

Limited evaluation of deep structures, doesn’t work in obese

24
Q

Three strengths of nuclear imaging

A

Provides information that’s unattainable in other procedures (function)

PET scans can tell whether tumors are malignant or benign, preventing surgery

Have the ability to detect diseases in their earliest stages

25
Q

Is fat or water brighter in a T2 MRI?

A

Water is brighter

26
Q

Two weaknesses of nuclear imaging

A

Radiation

Cost and accessibility

27
Q

Weaknesses (2) of CT scanning

A

Radiation exposure

Nephrotoxicity from contrast materials

28
Q

At what size does a small bowel dilation become a concern?

A

> 3cm

29
Q

Which image plane looks through the body from a side on position?

A

Sagittal

30
Q

An MRI image primarily reflects the ….. ……. in the patient

A

Water protons

31
Q

Which imaging technique is a live-x-ray and what type of contrast is typically used with it?

A

Fluoroscopy

Used with barium contrast

32
Q

Which image plane looks through the body from a front on position?

A

Coronal

33
Q

Name the five basic densities in order from most to least dense

A

Metal

Bone (calcium)

Soft tissue (water, muscle)

Fat and lipid

Gas (air)

34
Q

CT scanning should be limited in this patient population

A

Children

35
Q

Do radiopaque objects appear black or white on x-rays?

A

White

36
Q

Do radiolucent objects appear black or white on x-rays?

A

Black

37
Q

Main disadvantage of plain radiography

A

Collapse of complex three dimensional structures into a two dimensional image

38
Q

Which, T1 or T2, is the most anatomical MRI image?

A

T1

39
Q

Which, T1 or T2, is the most commonly used and pathologic MRI image?

A

T2

40
Q

Which imaging types give zero radiation to the patient?

A

Ultrasound

MRI

41
Q

One common clinical indication for MRI with contrast of the breast

A

Cancer detection for patients undergoing screening and those with symptoms

42
Q

Silhouette Sign refers to …

A

Loss of normal borders between structures

Due to two objects of the same radiographic density touching each other

Impossible to tell where one object ends and the other begins

43
Q

Absolute first first first step when looking at imaging

A

Always look for the patient’s name and/or number

44
Q

Low dose CT is acceptable at this point in pregnancy

A

After first trimester

45
Q

Contraindications for use of radiographic contrast

A

Prior reactions or shellfish/iodine allergy

Pregnancy

Renal disease

Hematologic parameters (bleeders)

46
Q

Radiographic density of an object depends on these two things

A

Composition of material

Thickness

47
Q

Is an x-ray with enhanced bone visibility more likely to be over-penetrated or under-penetrated?

A

Over-penetrated

48
Q

Wil movement of the object closer to the x-ray machine (further from the plate) provide a larger/smaller or fuzzier/sharper?

A

Larger and fuzzier

CDP (12 decks)

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