Pathology Flashcards
The most common type of pathological tachycardia is
Supraventricular tachycardia
With Tricuspid Atresia where is the pulmonary artery in relation to the aorta
Anterior and to the left
Tricuspid atresia is classified into 3 types based on
The relation of the great arteries
The most common morphologic variant of the tricupid valve associated with tricuspid Atresia is
Muscular atresia of the right atrial floor
The most common great artery relationship in tricuspid valve atresia is
Type 1
Normally related great arteries
Atrial septal defects constitute what % of all CHD’s
6.7%
Of all newborns with a CHD what % have AO stenosis
3-6%
What type of ASD generally occurs as part of a more complex type of CHD such as an AVSD defect
Ostium primum
What type of interrupted AO arch is commonly associated with a VSD
Type B
What cardiac lesion is most common in a fetus with DORV
VSD
This CHD results from the failure of the endocardial cushions to fuse properly
AVSD
In D transposition of the great arteries the AO is connected to the
Right ventricle
In L transposition (living) of the great arteries the Ao is connected to the _________ and the ventricles are ______.
The aorta is connected to the morphologic right ventricle
And the ventricles are inverted
With D transposition of the great arteries, postnatal circulation is best described as
Parallel
D aka death if no surgery
With L- transposition of the great arteries post natal circulation is best described as in
Series
Aka living
Which form of interrupted AO arch is most common
Type B
The DORV associated with TOF the great vessel relationship is
Normally related great vessels
Coarctation of the AO is found in 70% of patients with
HLHS
Of all infants born with CHD what % of the infants will have abnormal karotype ?
13%
Incidence of abnormal karotype in the fetus with CHD has been reported to be approx
35%
Fetus diagnosed with CHD during a routine ultrasound exam the risk that the fetus has an extra cardiac defect is
25-45%
Risk of a CHD with situs inversus with extreme levocardia is nearly
100%
Cardiomyopathies account for ____ % of all heart disease in live born patients
2%
What % of CHD is associated with trisomy 21
50%
ASD’s constitute for % of all CHD’s
6.7%
Duodenal atresia is associated with CHD in what % of cases
17.1%
Univentricle heart accounts for ____% of all CHD’s
1.3%
When truncus arteriosus is diagnosed the association with the following syndrome occurs in 21% of all cases
Di George
4ch view will be abnormal in what % in detecting CHD’s
40-57%
Normal measurement range for pulmonic valve
5.0-7.0 mm
Placental oxygen saturation after the blood has circulated through the fetus and back to placenta via umbilical arteries is ___%
58%
Blood flow into fetus from placenta is ___%
85%
To access a valve for STENOSIS the PWD should be placed ______to valve
Distal
To access for INSUFFICIENCY of the valve the PWD cursor should be placed _______ to valve
Proximal
Tricuspid atresia is commonly associated with what maternal infection
Rubella
Most common ASD
Ostium secundum
Most severe ASD
Common
ASD that generally occurs as part of a more complex type of CHD
Ostium primum
A combination of subpulmonic VSD with side by side great vessels like TGA postnatally
Classic Taussig Bing heart
IVC seen anterior to AO in 4Ch view is suggestive of
Asplenia
Ivemark Syndrome
Right atrial isomerisum
Sinus venous ASD defect always seen in
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return
In TAPVR what is most likely always seen
ASD
1st sign of TAPVR
Enlarged RT vent
Prominent pulmonary artery
Rt to Left shunting
Normal Ao isthmus diameter
3.6 mm
SVT is associated with
Ebstein’s anomaly
What septal defect is commonly seen with Holt Orm syndrome
ASD
Heart lesion associated with abnormal targeted growth
Polysplenia
The heart lesion most commonly seen with exposure to teratogens is
TOF
Fetal organs properly arranged but heart is in right chest the risk of fetal heart defect is
95%
Maternal DIgoxin therapy is used to manage
SVT with no signs of hydrops or decompensation
Absent pulmonic valve syndrome causes
Massive distention of PA and branches
Drug used to treat pre term delivery
Indomethacin
Can cause constriction of DA if used for long period of time
