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Fetal Echo 2022 > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

The most common type of pathological tachycardia is

A

Supraventricular tachycardia

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2
Q

With Tricuspid Atresia where is the pulmonary artery in relation to the aorta

A

Anterior and to the left

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3
Q

Tricuspid atresia is classified into 3 types based on

A

The relation of the great arteries

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4
Q

The most common morphologic variant of the tricupid valve associated with tricuspid Atresia is

A

Muscular atresia of the right atrial floor

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5
Q

The most common great artery relationship in tricuspid valve atresia is

A

Type 1
Normally related great arteries

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6
Q

Atrial septal defects constitute what % of all CHD’s

A

6.7%

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7
Q

Of all newborns with a CHD what % have AO stenosis

A

3-6%

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8
Q

What type of ASD generally occurs as part of a more complex type of CHD such as an AVSD defect

A

Ostium primum

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9
Q

What type of interrupted AO arch is commonly associated with a VSD

A

Type B

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10
Q

What cardiac lesion is most common in a fetus with DORV

A

VSD

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11
Q

This CHD results from the failure of the endocardial cushions to fuse properly

A

AVSD

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12
Q

In D transposition of the great arteries the AO is connected to the

A

Right ventricle

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13
Q

In L transposition (living) of the great arteries the Ao is connected to the _________ and the ventricles are ______.

A

The aorta is connected to the morphologic right ventricle

And the ventricles are inverted

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14
Q

With D transposition of the great arteries, postnatal circulation is best described as

A

Parallel

D aka death if no surgery

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15
Q

With L- transposition of the great arteries post natal circulation is best described as in

A

Series

Aka living

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16
Q

Which form of interrupted AO arch is most common

A

Type B

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17
Q

The DORV associated with TOF the great vessel relationship is

A

Normally related great vessels

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18
Q

Coarctation of the AO is found in 70% of patients with

A

HLHS

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19
Q

Of all infants born with CHD what % of the infants will have abnormal karotype ?

A

13%

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20
Q

Incidence of abnormal karotype in the fetus with CHD has been reported to be approx

A

35%

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21
Q

Fetus diagnosed with CHD during a routine ultrasound exam the risk that the fetus has an extra cardiac defect is

A

25-45%

22
Q

Risk of a CHD with situs inversus with extreme levocardia is nearly

A

100%

23
Q

Cardiomyopathies account for ____ % of all heart disease in live born patients

A

2%

24
Q

What % of CHD is associated with trisomy 21

A

50%

25
Q

ASD’s constitute for % of all CHD’s

A

6.7%

26
Q

Duodenal atresia is associated with CHD in what % of cases

A

17.1%

27
Q

Univentricle heart accounts for ____% of all CHD’s

A

1.3%

28
Q

When truncus arteriosus is diagnosed the association with the following syndrome occurs in 21% of all cases

A

Di George

29
Q

4ch view will be abnormal in what % in detecting CHD’s

A

40-57%

30
Q

Normal measurement range for pulmonic valve

A

5.0-7.0 mm

31
Q

Placental oxygen saturation after the blood has circulated through the fetus and back to placenta via umbilical arteries is ___%

A

58%

32
Q

Blood flow into fetus from placenta is ___%

A

85%

33
Q

To access a valve for STENOSIS the PWD should be placed ______to valve

A

Distal

34
Q

To access for INSUFFICIENCY of the valve the PWD cursor should be placed _______ to valve

A

Proximal

35
Q

Tricuspid atresia is commonly associated with what maternal infection

A

Rubella

36
Q

Most common ASD

A

Ostium secundum

37
Q

Most severe ASD

A

Common

38
Q

ASD that generally occurs as part of a more complex type of CHD

A

Ostium primum

39
Q

A combination of subpulmonic VSD with side by side great vessels like TGA postnatally

A

Classic Taussig Bing heart

40
Q

IVC seen anterior to AO in 4Ch view is suggestive of

A

Asplenia
Ivemark Syndrome
Right atrial isomerisum

41
Q

Sinus venous ASD defect always seen in

A

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return

42
Q

In TAPVR what is most likely always seen

A

ASD

43
Q

1st sign of TAPVR

A

Enlarged RT vent
Prominent pulmonary artery
Rt to Left shunting

44
Q

Normal Ao isthmus diameter

A

3.6 mm

45
Q

SVT is associated with

A

Ebstein’s anomaly

46
Q

What septal defect is commonly seen with Holt Orm syndrome

A

ASD

47
Q

Heart lesion associated with abnormal targeted growth

A

Polysplenia

48
Q

The heart lesion most commonly seen with exposure to teratogens is

A

TOF

49
Q

Fetal organs properly arranged but heart is in right chest the risk of fetal heart defect is

A

95%

50
Q

Maternal DIgoxin therapy is used to manage

A

SVT with no signs of hydrops or decompensation

51
Q

Absent pulmonic valve syndrome causes

A

Massive distention of PA and branches

52
Q

Drug used to treat pre term delivery

A

Indomethacin
Can cause constriction of DA if used for long period of time

Fetal Echo 2022 (7 decks)

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