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Fetal Echo 2022 > Anatomy And Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiomyopathies account for approx what percentage of all cases of heart disease in all live born patients

A

2%

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2
Q

In order to access heart function in cases of cardiomyopathy systolic heart function must be evaluated . What is considered a normal left ventricular systolic shortening fraction (SF)

A

0.30

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3
Q

This occurs when EVERY OTHER atrial contraction is premature and is NOT conducted to the ventricle

A

Atrial bigeminy

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4
Q

Normal fetal circulation is in

A

Parallel

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5
Q

Normal relationship of the semilunar valves ?

A

The ao valve is to the right and posterior to the pulmonic valve

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6
Q

Which structures drain into the right atrium in a normal fetal heart

A

SVC IVC
Coronary sinus

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7
Q

What heart structure is normally seen seen in the left antrioventricular groove

A

Coronary sinus

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8
Q

What vessel supplies blood flow to the left ventricle and left atrium

A

Left coronary artery

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9
Q

Which artery originates from the left side of the ascending ao at the level of the aortic root and has two major branches that supply blood flow to the heart muscle

A

Left coronary artery

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10
Q

The normal fetal heart occupies

A

< 33%

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11
Q

What is the most leftward structure in the fetal heart

A

Main Pulmonary artery

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12
Q

True of the the pulmonary artery

A

The PA bifurcates into R/L pulmonary branches
The pulmonic valve lies anterior to the aortic vale
The PA crosses over the aorta anteriorly
The PA is larger than Ao

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13
Q

The Normal left pulmonary artery courses

A

Superior to the left bronchus

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14
Q

Which vessel allows blood to bypass the liver in the fetal circulation

A

Ductus venosus

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15
Q

The. E/A ratio of the mitral valve increases with

A

advancing pregnancy

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16
Q

The normal range for the
E/A range is

A

0.5-1.0

17
Q

Normal fetal circulation is in

A

Parallel

18
Q

The normal patent ductus arteriosus in utero

A

Shunts blood from right to left
Shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
May be constricted with indomethacin
Has normal pulsatility index of 1.9-3.0

19
Q

What vessel in the fetal circulation regulates the amount of blood flow to the heart and liver therefore preventing overload of volume to the fetal heart

A

Ductus venosus

20
Q

What enzyme is released by the neonatal lungs shortly after birth stimulating the closure of the DA

A

Bradykinin

21
Q

The ductus venosus is the fetal shunt that directs blood from the umbilical vein to the fetal heart. What vessel connects the DV to the heart

A

Inferior vena cava

22
Q

Normally the oxygen saturation of blood flowing into the fetus through the umbilical vein is ____%

A

85%

23
Q

True statement regarding the fetal cardiac output ?

A

Cardiac output increases with gestational age
The right ventricle ejects the majority of the cardiac output
Oxygen saturation in the umbilical vein is 80-90%

24
Q

What is the placental oxygen saturation after the blood has circulated through the fetus and back to the placenta via the umbilical veins
___%

A

58%

25
Q

During embryologic development the fourth left aortic arch and common dorsal aorta become the

A

Definitive aorta

26
Q

Abnormal looping of the heart tube to the left will result in

A

Corrected TGA

27
Q

In Fetal heart development the fetal heart begins to beat at

A

21-28 days

28
Q

Endocardial cushions are involved in development of the

A

Semilunar valves
Atrioventricular valves
Membranous septum

29
Q

These syndromes are thought to be a a result of a midline development field defect

A

Polysplenia
Asplenia
Ivemark syndrome
Right atrial syndrome

30
Q

The period of organogenesis is between

A

4-8 weeks gestation

31
Q

The partitioning of the the embryonic fetal heart into chambers of the atria and ventricle begins at approx what gestational day

A

Day 28

Fetal Echo 2022 (7 decks)

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