Pathology Flashcards
(51 cards)
The reduction in the total number of X-ray photons remaining in the beam after passing through given thickness of material. Absorbed or scattered
Attenuation
Image receptor exposure will be altered by changes in the amount and/or type of tissue being irridated
Subject density
Is the degree of differential absorption resulting from the differing absorption characteristics of the tissues in the body
Subject contrast
Spatial resolution of the structures is dependent upon their position within the body and also on the body’s placement in relationship to the receptor
Subject detail
Unless the patient is positioned specifically to demonstrate a particular structure, it may not be accurately represented on the IR
Subject distortion
Medical science that is concerned with all aspects of disease, including the structural and functional changes caused by a disease process
Pathology
If a disease causes the effected body tissue to increase in thickness, effective atomic number, and or tissue density, there will be a greater attenuation of the X-ray beam
Additive condition
If a disease causes the affected body tissue to decrease in thickness, effective atomic number, and or tissue density, there will be less attenuation of the X-ray bean
Destructive conditions
An encapsulated infection increases tissue thickness and may alter composition, particularly in the lungs
Abscess
Swelling causes an increase in tissue thickness and may alter composition, if it occurs in the lungs
Edema
An abnormal new growth in tissue results in an increase in tissue thickness and may alter composition, particularly in the lungs or bones, or when calcification results
Tumor
A collapse of the lung results in airlessness of all or part of the lung tissue. This causes lung tissue density to increase
Atelectasis
The chronic dilation of the brocho can result in peribromchial thickening and small areas of atelectasis. This causes an increase in lung tissue density
Bronchiectasis
An enlargement of the heart causes an increase in thickness of the part
Cardiomegaly
When the heart is in failure, the cardiac output is diminished. This results in backward failure, or increased venous congestion in the lungs. Lung tissue density is increased and the heart is enlarged as well
Congestive heart failure
Pus in the thoracic cavity causes an increase in tissue density
Empyema
When the pleural cavity fills with either blood or serous fluid, it displaces normal lung tissue. This results in an increased tissue density within the thoracic cavity
Plural effusions hemothorax hydrothorax
The inhalation of dust particles can cause fibrotic (scarring) changes. When healthy lung tissue becomes fibrotic, the density of the tissue increases
Pneumoconiosis
The removal of a lung will cause the affected side to demonstrate an increase in IR exposure because normal air filled lung tissue is removed
Pneumoectomy
Inflammation of the lung tissues causes fluid to fill the alveolar spaces. Fluid has much greater tissue density than the air normally present
Pneumonia
When the fluid fills the interstitial lung tissues and the alveoli, tissue density increases. This is a typical complication of congestive heart failure
Pulmonary edema
An infection by a myobacteria causes the inflammatory response, which results in an increase in fluid in the lungs. If the mycobacteria were inhaled , it generally begins as a localized lesion, which can spread to a more advanced stage
Tuberculosis
A large dilation of the aorta will result in increased thickness of the affect part
Aortic aneurysm
Fluid accumulation within the peritoneal cavity causes an increase in tissue thickness. The free fluid has a unique ground glass appearance radiographically
Ascites
