Pathologies - Differential Diagnosis & Rx Flashcards
what is Alfredson’s painful heel drop protocol?
describe the muscle/tendon strain grading
Grade I
- Muscle is overstretched
- Small tears to ms fibers may or may not occur qPt may have mild pain with or without swelling -Resisted movt will be painful but strong
Grade II
Some muscle fibers are torn
Marked pain with swelling
Bruising may occur if small blood vessels at the site of injury are damaged as well
Resisted movt will be painful & weak
Grade III
The most serious among the 3 grades of ms strains
Most of the ms fibers are torn: In some cases, the ms is completely torn or ruptured
Pain, swelling, tenderness, & bruising are usually present
Resisted movt will be very weak and may have some pain
- Possible complication = Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Formation of a clot in the deep veins of the lower leg
gastroc muscle strain treatment
- slides 11 - 15
describe tendinopathy (tendinitis vs tendinosis)
describe tendinitis treatment
slide 32
describe tendinosis treatment (insertional and midportion)
slide 33-37
achilles tendon rupture treatment
slide 40-41
what are the ottawa ankle rules?
what are the ankle sprain grades?
Grade I:
- Local tenderness over injured ligament qUsually no swelling
- Ligament stress test: Ligament integrity: intact (No gap, normal EF), But painful
- Palpation: pain over ligament
Grade II: hypermobility
-Marked tenderness
- Localized swelling, hematoma
- Ligament stress test: Gap but normal EF, Important pain
- Palpation: pain over ligament
Grade III: instability
- Complete tear
- Pt may feel joint is unstable
- Swelling common but no tense effusion (Because caps tear allowing fluid to escape)
- Pain variable & usually not as severe as gr II
- Lig stress test: Gap++ & soft EF, may have no/min pain
- Palpation: pain over ligament
what is more common to sprain - LCL or MCL? what %? ATFL vs CFL?
- lateral make up 85% of sprains
ATFL
- Least elastic of the lateral ligaments, Involved in 60-70% of all ankle sprains
ATFL & CFL:
- 20% of all ankle sprains involved both of them
describe the sequence of ligament tears in an inversion ankle injury
describe ankle sprain treatment (in each phase of healing)
slides 58-62
- note we treat medial ankle sprains the same way!
describe possible complications of ankle LCL sprains
describe anterolateral impingement
if pt complains of ant pain after ankle sprain, what could it be?
usually happens after ankle sprain has healed - DF in WB is main complaint
if they are CO ant pain could be
1) impingement
2) instability of inf tib/fib
3) talocrural joint that is hypomobile (not addressed from previous injury)
what is the treatment for antero-lateral impingement?
what are the causes of plantar fasciitis?
Possible inflammation (like tendinitis) BUT Most of the time would be due to **collagen disarray** in absence of inflammatory cell (like tendinosis)
** note: we need enough big toe ext otherwise: 1) we dont have the good support 2) foot has to move to compensate = more pronation
what is the treatment for plantar fascitis?
slides 75-78
describe hallus valgus
what is hip OA?
slides 3-4
cartilage degeneration creates a space and therefore more movement in the joint, body doesn’t like too much movement tries to prevent it, muscles contract overwork (using muscles that are not used to contracting all the time = hypertenicity if ms contracting all the time - will create some scar tissue over time - this causes stiffness of muscle), becomes stiff and creates hypomobility of the joint -scar tissue
- hypomobility happens at different rates in different places
might first see laxity then stiffness over time
what joints does OA commonly affect?
risk factors for oa?
slides 6-8
general characteristics for oa?
what characterizes the 3 stages of hip oa?
hip - what could decreased hip ROM be apart from oa?
describe myofascial imbalance
what are PFS precipitating factors?
what is a bakers cyst?
how to treat an mcl sprain
when is a ligament stress test of knee best performed?
what is the clinical presentation of a meniscal tear?
