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ORTHO (Integrated) > Pathologies - Differential Diagnosis & Rx > Flashcards

Pathologies - Differential Diagnosis & Rx Flashcards

1
Q

what is Alfredson’s painful heel drop protocol?

A
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2
Q

describe the muscle/tendon strain grading

A

Grade I

  • Muscle is overstretched
  • Small tears to ms fibers may or may not occur qPt may have mild pain with or without swelling -Resisted movt will be painful but strong

Grade II

Some muscle fibers are torn

Marked pain with swelling

Bruising may occur if small blood vessels at the site of injury are damaged as well

Resisted movt will be painful & weak

Grade III

The most serious among the 3 grades of ms strains

Most of the ms fibers are torn: In some cases, the ms is completely torn or ruptured

Pain, swelling, tenderness, & bruising are usually present

Resisted movt will be very weak and may have some pain

  • Possible complication = Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Formation of a clot in the deep veins of the lower leg
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3
Q

gastroc muscle strain treatment

A
  • slides 11 - 15
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4
Q

describe tendinopathy (tendinitis vs tendinosis)

A
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5
Q

describe tendinitis treatment

A

slide 32

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6
Q

describe tendinosis treatment (insertional and midportion)

A

slide 33-37

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7
Q

achilles tendon rupture treatment

A

slide 40-41

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8
Q

what are the ottawa ankle rules?

A
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9
Q

what are the ankle sprain grades?

A

Grade I:

  • Local tenderness over injured ligament qUsually no swelling
  • Ligament stress test: Ligament integrity: intact (No gap, normal EF), But painful
  • Palpation: pain over ligament

Grade II: hypermobility
-Marked tenderness

  • Localized swelling, hematoma
  • Ligament stress test: Gap but normal EF, Important pain
  • Palpation: pain over ligament

Grade III: instability

  • Complete tear
  • Pt may feel joint is unstable
  • Swelling common but no tense effusion (Because caps tear allowing fluid to escape)
  • Pain variable & usually not as severe as gr II
  • Lig stress test: Gap++ & soft EF, may have no/min pain
  • Palpation: pain over ligament
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10
Q

what is more common to sprain - LCL or MCL? what %? ATFL vs CFL?

A
  • lateral make up 85% of sprains

ATFL
- Least elastic of the lateral ligaments, Involved in 60-70% of all ankle sprains

ATFL & CFL:
- 20% of all ankle sprains involved both of them

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11
Q

describe the sequence of ligament tears in an inversion ankle injury

A
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12
Q

describe ankle sprain treatment (in each phase of healing)

A

slides 58-62

  • note we treat medial ankle sprains the same way!
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13
Q

describe possible complications of ankle LCL sprains

A
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14
Q

describe anterolateral impingement

A
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15
Q

if pt complains of ant pain after ankle sprain, what could it be?

A

usually happens after ankle sprain has healed - DF in WB is main complaint
if they are CO ant pain could be

1) impingement
2) instability of inf tib/fib
3) talocrural joint that is hypomobile (not addressed from previous injury)

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16
Q

what is the treatment for antero-lateral impingement?

A
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17
Q

what are the causes of plantar fasciitis?

A 
Possible inflammation (like tendinitis) BUT
Most of the time would be due to **collagen disarray** in absence of inflammatory cell (like tendinosis)

** note: we need enough big toe ext otherwise: 1) we dont have the good support 2) foot has to move to compensate = more pronation

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18
Q

what is the treatment for plantar fascitis?

A

slides 75-78

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19
Q

describe hallus valgus

A
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20
Q

what is hip OA?

A

slides 3-4

cartilage degeneration creates a space and therefore more movement in the joint, body doesn’t like too much movement tries to prevent it, muscles contract overwork (using muscles that are not used to contracting all the time = hypertenicity if ms contracting all the time - will create some scar tissue over time - this causes stiffness of muscle), becomes stiff and creates hypomobility of the joint -scar tissue
- hypomobility happens at different rates in different places
might first see laxity then stiffness over time

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21
Q

what joints does OA commonly affect?

A
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22
Q

risk factors for oa?

A

slides 6-8

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23
Q

general characteristics for oa?

A
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24
Q

what characterizes the 3 stages of hip oa?

A
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25
Q

hip - what could decreased hip ROM be apart from oa?

26
Q

what is the treatment for hip oa?

A

slide 23-28

27
Q

describe myofascial imbalance

28
Q

describe ITB syndrome: theories about cause of pain, differential diagnosis

A

slides 32-35

29
Q

what are PFS precipitating factors?

30
Q

what are PFS contributing factors? anatomic vs dynamic factors

A

slide 9-16

31
Q

how do you treat pfs?

A

slides 24-35

32
Q

how to treat synovial plica

A

slides 38-40

33
Q

what is a bakers cyst?

34
Q

how to treat an mcl sprain

35
Q

when is a ligament stress test of knee best performed?

36
Q

describe ACL investigation and treatment - what are the surgical approaches and benefits to each?

A

slides 52-66

37
Q

what are the meniscal tear types?

A

slides 68, 69

38
Q

what is the clinical presentation of a meniscal tear?

39
Q

what is the treatment for meniscal tears?

A

slides 74-82

40
Q

calf strain DD

41
Q

achilles tendinopathy (insertional vs mid-portion) DD

42
Q

achilles tendon rupture DD

43
Q

tibialis post tendinopathy DD

44
Q

tibialis anterior tendinopathy DD

45
Q

ankle sprain (LCL) DD

46
Q

antero-lateral impingement DD

47
Q

plantar fasciitis DD

48
Q

hip OA (3 stages) DD

49
Q

adductor muscle strain DD

50
Q

ITB DD

51
Q

trochanteric bursitis DD

52
Q

piriformis syndrome DD

53
Q

patella dislocation DD

54
Q

PFS DD

55
Q

Plica DD

56
Q

MCL sprain DD

57
Q

LCL sprain DD

58
Q

ACL sprain DD

59
Q

PCL sprain DD

60
Q

meniscal tear DD

ORTHO (Integrated) (12 decks)

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