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ORTHO (Integrated) > Anatomy & Biomechanics > Flashcards

Anatomy & Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

hip - what type of joint is the hip?

A

pure ovoid

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2
Q

hip - describe the anatomy of the acetabulum

A
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3
Q

hip - which way does the femoral head face and what is the normal angle of inclination?

A

faces: superiorly, anteriorly, and medially

Normal angle of inclination = 125 ̊

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4
Q

hip - describe the normal angle of torsion, anteversion, and retroversion

A

Normal = 8°- 15°

>15°= anteversion

<8° = retroversion

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5
Q

hip - describe anteversion

A

Hip ROM will have:

  • ↑↑IR & ↓↓ER but total amount of rotation will be normal

may be associated with a compensatory:

  • IR of femur (in-toeing in WB and gait)
  • tibial ER (structural) with this, appears like normal alignment
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6
Q

hip - what is a bursa and where are they in the hip?

A
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7
Q

hip - IT band origen and insertion

A
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8
Q

hip - what protects the IT band from the lat femoral condyle?

A
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9
Q

hip - describe the piriformis muscle origen, insertion, sciatic nerve relation, and action

A
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10
Q

hip - how many DOF?

A

3 degrees of freedom:
Flexion\Extension
Internal rotation\External rotation

Adduction\Abduction

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11
Q

hip - what is the referred pain pattern?

A
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12
Q

ankle - name the ankle/forefoot joints and their corresponding regions

A

Region I : Ankle joints

  • Distal tibio-fibular joint
  • Talo-crural joint

Region II: Subtalar joint

Region III: Midtarsal joints

  • Calcaneocuboid joint
  • Talonavicular joint
  • Cubonavicular jt
  • Cuneonavicular jt
  • Cuneocuboid jt
  • Intercuneiform jt

Region IV: The forefoot jts

  • Tarsometatarsal jts
  • Metatarsophalangeal jts
  • Interphalangeal joints (PIP & DIP jt)
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13
Q

ankle - what is the function of the distal tibio-fibular joint?

A

Shock absorption, dissipate forces

Permit ant/post movt on talus

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14
Q

ankle - describe the anatomy of the distal tibio-fibular joint

A

With ankle dorsiflexion:

This joint will widen allowing 1-2 mm of spread
The direction of mvt varies among individuals

The talocrural joint is dependant upon the stability provided by this joint for its proper functioning

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15
Q

ankle - what are the tibiofibular ligaments?

A

Anterior tibiofibular: You can palpate it

Posterior tibiofibular: Deep part = inf transverse lig (elastic), Resists splaying of mortise

Interossei ligament/membrane: Strongest lig of Inf Tib-fib, Resist splaying of mortise

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16
Q

ankle - describe the talocrural joint (what makes up the TCJ? what type of jonit is is? how many DOF?

A
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17
Q

ankle - what holds the talo-crural joint together?

A
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18
Q

ankle - describe the ATFL

A
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19
Q

describe the CFL

A
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20
Q

ankle - describe the PTFL

A
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21
Q

ankle - describe the deltoid ligament

A
22
Q

ankle - what is the subtalar joint? (where/ms attachment/DOF)

A

Between the talus & calcaneum

There are no ms attachment

Osteokinematics: 1 DOF (Pronation, Supination)

23
Q

ankle - which joints tend to become hypomobile with an ankle injury?

A

With an ankle injury the subtalar joint & the talocrural joint tend to become hypomobile, possibly because the talus has no muscle attaching to it.

24
Q

ankle - what type of joint is the metatarsophalangeal joint? DOF?

A
25
Q

ankle - what type of joint is the interphalangeal joint? DOF? ligaments/other structures?

A

Modified sellar jt
1 DOF (Flex/ext)
Base of phalanx: concave, Head of phalanx: convex

Ligaments: MCL, LCL

Plantar fibrous plate: Reinforces the plantar aspect of the IP jts

26
Q

ankle - describe the longitudinal arch

A
27
Q

ankle - describe the lateral arch

A
28
Q

ankle - describe the plantar fascia (origin, insertion, function)

A
29
Q

ankle - describe the windlass mechanism of the foot

A
30
Q

knee - what are the 3 joints?

A

1.Patello-femoral joint

  1. Tibiofemoral joint
  2. Superior tibio-fibular joint
31
Q

knee - function of patellofemoral joint

A

Pulley for quads ms

↓ friction btw quads tendon & femoral condyle (Movt at PF joint instead of quads tendon rubbing on femoral condyles)

32
Q

knee - patellofemoral joint ANT surface of femur and POST surface of patella anatomy

A

slides 6-7

33
Q

knee - describe how the patella moves from flexion to extension/joint congruance

A

slides 8-12

34
Q

knee - describe the stabilizers of the patella

A

slides 13-14

35
Q

knee - describe the vertical position of patella in femoral sulcus

A

slide 15/16

36
Q

knee - describe the joint reaction force of the patello-femoral joint

A

slides 17/18

37
Q

knee - what is the synovial plica and the types?

A

slides 19/20

38
Q

knee - where are the 6 bursae?

A

slides 21-24

39
Q

knee - describe the mcl - where is is and functions

A

slide 25

40
Q

knee - describe the lcl - where is is and functions

A

slide 26

41
Q

knee - describe the acl - where is is and functions, OKC vs CKC

A

slides 27-29

42
Q

knee - describe the pcl - where is is and functions

A

slide 30

43
Q

knee - meniscus anatomy

A

slide 31/32

44
Q

knee - meniscus vascularization

A

slide 33/34

45
Q

knee - what is the function of the meniscus?

A
46
Q

knee - what type of joint is it?

A
47
Q

knee - osteokinematics (glides) for patello-femoral joint

A
48
Q

knee - osteokinematics (glides) for tibiofemoral joint

A
49
Q

knee - what type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint?

A
50
Q

describe the functional biomechanics of the lower quadrant

A

ORTHO (Integrated) (12 decks)

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