Pathologies Flashcards
Mumps virus
Paramyxovirus
Mumps affects
Parotid a
Gord stands for
Gastrin oesophageal reflux disease
Causes gord
Dysfunction oesophageal sphincter H hernia Trigger foods Overweight Pregnancy
Symptoms gord
Pain behind sternum
Heartburn
Worse bending lying down
Regurgitation food
Complications gord
Ulcers cancer
Differential diagnosis
Angina bulllimia
Trigger foods gord
Fatty fried Spices Alcohol Caffeine Citrus Chocolate Tomatoes Garlic onions Fizzy drinks
Stress
Symptoms hiatus hernia
Rarely has any
Causes h hernia
Increased pressure abdomen
Lifting vomiting sneezing bending
Obesity smoking stress
Complications h hernia
Can cause gord
What is acute gastritis
Inflammation of stomach mucosa
Symptoms acute gastritis
Dull pain
Worse with food intake
Vomiting
No appetite
Complications acute gastritis
Bleeding
Causes acute gastritis
Irritants
Alcohol
Drugs
Food poisoning
Define chronic gastritis
Acute gastritis occurring for more than 4-6 weeks
Causes chronic gastritis
Helicobactor pylori
Auto immune
Chronic irritation
Symptoms chronic gastritis
Sometimes few Feeling full after meal Discomfort with heavy meals Megaloblastic/ pernicious or iron deficiency anaemia No appetite
where could a peptic ulcer be
GIT - stomach duodenum, oesophagus
which layers do peptic ulcer go down to
submucosa or muscle layer
symptoms peptic ulcer
localised pain when stomach is EMPTY and at NIGHT burping nausea reaction to foods
causes ulcer
NSAIDS Helicobactor pylori chronic gastritis allergies stress smoking
medical treatment ulcers
antibiotics
antacids
complications ulcer
bleeding causing aneamia
perforation - medical emergency
dysphagia
dificulty swallowing
what is appendicitis
inflame of appendix
symptoms appendicitis
pain in middle of abdomen within hours pain travels to lower R side rebound tenderness mcburney point pale guarding sweating fever nausea hypotension sceptic shock
diagnosis appendicitis
ct scan
complications appendicitis
rupture - pain subsides
peritonitis
dysentery what is
infection of intestines causing diarrhoea containing blood or mucus.
notifiable disease
symptoms dysentery
3 or more watery stooks a day
stomach cramps
nausea
vomiting
causes dysentery
usually bacterial infection
diagnosis dysentery
stool sample
complications dysentery
dehydration
which 2 diseases are IBD infamy bowel disease
crohns and ulcerative colitis
where does ulcerative colitis affect
only colon - ulcers develop
crohns disease affects where
entire GIT mouth - anus
inflam of lining - all layers
symptoms of both crowns and ulcerative colitis
sporadic flare ups - vary abdo pain (more crohns) diarrhoea (sometimes bloody) weight loss extreme tiredness anaemia
causes IBD
idiopathic
poss immune/hereditary
diet linked
diagnosis IBD
x ray
colonoscopy
sigmoidoscopy
biopsy
complications IBD
malnutrition obstruction malignancy fistula fissure
pattern of inflammation crhns/ulcerative colitis
patchy skip lesions crohns
continuous ulcerative colitis
are granuloma common IBD
Crohns yse
Ulcerative colitis no
are fistulas, fissures, abcesses common IBD
crowns yes,
ulcerative colitis no
malabsorption common IBD?
crowns yes, ulcerative colitis no
stool difference IBD
crohns loose semi solid
U C watery blood pus
what is IBS
common longterm condition - stomach cramps, bloating, diarrhoea, constipation
symptoms IBS
abdo pain, cramping relieved by passing a stool diarrhoea constipation bloating flatulence mucus in stools
csauses IBS
problems digesting food
previos allergy
GIT infection
differential diagnosis ibs
Deverticulitis
ibd
what happens in coeliac disease
body’s immune system attacks its own mucosa tissue when gluten is eaten.
Small intestine
strips microvilli villi, causing atrophy
symptoms ceoliac
diarrhoea bloating etc weight loss lethargy kids not growing steatorrhoea mouth ulcers depression
diagnosis ceoliac
blood test
biopsy
steatorrhoea definition
fatty stools
longterm complications coeliac disease
osteoporosis
aneamia - iron, b9/12
bowel cancer
what is diverticulosis
presence of diverticula (small pouches) in colon bulging out through weeks spots
when does diverticulosis become diverticulitis
when diverticuli become inflamed/bleed
symptoms diverticulitis
bloating abdo pain, diarrhoea
fever
painless bleeding
causes diverticulosis/itis
low fibre
high abdo pressure
weak connective tissue
most common hernia -
inguinal - groin
what can hiatus hernia cause
GORD
what is acute pancreatitis
pancreas leaks activated enzymes leading to self digestion
symptoms acute pancreatitis
sudden extreme per-umbilical pain
nausea, vomiting, diarhoea
fever chills shock
emergency!
causes pancreatitis
alcohol (males mostly)
gall stones (females)
cancer
chronic pancreatitis definition
chromic inflame leading to permenant damage - scarring/cysts
may obstruct common bile duct
symptoms chronic pancreatitis
repeated severe abdo pain
greasy foul smelling stools
causes pancreatitis chronic
longterm alcohol abuse
autoimmune/idiopathic
diagnosis pancreatitis
u;ltrasound
ct scan
complications chronic pancreatitis
diabetes
pancreatic cancer
symptoms liver cirrhosis
initialy asymptomatic tiredness, loss appetite, nausea itchy skin, jaundice vomiting blood, dark tarry stools oedema, ascites
complications liver cirrhosis
jaundice
ascites
portal vein hypertension
oesophageal varices
cholelithiasis known as
gallstones
gallstones usually made of
cholesterol
symptoms gallstones
asypmtomatic if traps - pain readiating under right shoulder inflame of gall bladder jaundice temp chills gas bloating nausea
complications gallstones
acute cholecystitis jaundice acute cholangitis acute pancreatitis cancer
enterobiasis is
pin/thread worm
cryptosporidum/giardia cause
waterborne parasites
cryptosporidum/giardia symptoms
watery diarrhoea abdo cramps dehysration nausea vomiting fever weight loss
cholangitis / cholecystitis definition
inflame of bile duct
