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Digestive System > Pathologies > Flashcards

Pathologies Flashcards

0
Q

Mumps virus

A

Paramyxovirus

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1
Q

Mumps affects

A

Parotid a

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2
Q

Gord stands for

A

Gastrin oesophageal reflux disease

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3
Q

Causes gord

A 
Dysfunction oesophageal sphincter
H hernia
Trigger foods
Overweight
Pregnancy
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4
Q

Symptoms gord

A

Pain behind sternum
Heartburn
Worse bending lying down
Regurgitation food

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5
Q

Complications gord

A

Ulcers cancer

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6
Q

Differential diagnosis

A

Angina bulllimia

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7
Q

Trigger foods gord

A 
Fatty fried
Spices
Alcohol
Caffeine
Citrus
Chocolate
Tomatoes
Garlic onions
Fizzy drinks

Stress

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8
Q

Symptoms hiatus hernia

A

Rarely has any

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9
Q

Causes h hernia

A

Increased pressure abdomen
Lifting vomiting sneezing bending
Obesity smoking stress

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10
Q

Complications h hernia

A

Can cause gord

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11
Q

What is acute gastritis

A

Inflammation of stomach mucosa

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12
Q

Symptoms acute gastritis

A

Dull pain
Worse with food intake
Vomiting
No appetite

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13
Q

Complications acute gastritis

A

Bleeding

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14
Q

Causes acute gastritis

A

Irritants
Alcohol
Drugs
Food poisoning

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15
Q

Define chronic gastritis

A

Acute gastritis occurring for more than 4-6 weeks

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16
Q

Causes chronic gastritis

A

Helicobactor pylori
Auto immune
Chronic irritation

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17
Q

Symptoms chronic gastritis

A 
Sometimes few
Feeling full after meal
Discomfort with heavy meals
Megaloblastic/ pernicious or iron deficiency anaemia
No appetite
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18
Q

where could a peptic ulcer be

A

GIT - stomach duodenum, oesophagus

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19
Q

which layers do peptic ulcer go down to

A

submucosa or muscle layer

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20
Q

symptoms peptic ulcer

A 
localised pain
when stomach is EMPTY and at NIGHT
burping
nausea
reaction to foods
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21
Q

causes ulcer

A 
NSAIDS
Helicobactor pylori
chronic gastritis
allergies
stress
smoking
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22
Q

medical treatment ulcers

A

antibiotics

antacids

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23
Q

complications ulcer

A

bleeding causing aneamia

perforation - medical emergency

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24
Q

dysphagia

A

dificulty swallowing

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25
Q

what is appendicitis

A

inflame of appendix

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26
Q

symptoms appendicitis

A 
pain in middle of abdomen
within hours pain travels to lower R side
rebound tenderness mcburney point
pale
guarding
sweating
fever
nausea
hypotension
sceptic shock
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27
Q

diagnosis appendicitis

A

ct scan

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28
Q

complications appendicitis

A

rupture - pain subsides

peritonitis

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29
Q

dysentery what is

A

infection of intestines causing diarrhoea containing blood or mucus.
notifiable disease

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30
Q

symptoms dysentery

A

3 or more watery stooks a day
stomach cramps
nausea
vomiting

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31
Q

causes dysentery

A

usually bacterial infection

32
Q

diagnosis dysentery

A

stool sample

33
Q

complications dysentery

A

dehydration

34
Q

which 2 diseases are IBD infamy bowel disease

A

crohns and ulcerative colitis

35
Q

where does ulcerative colitis affect

A

only colon - ulcers develop

36
Q

crohns disease affects where

A

entire GIT mouth - anus

inflam of lining - all layers

37
Q

symptoms of both crowns and ulcerative colitis

A 
sporadic flare ups - vary
abdo pain (more crohns)
diarrhoea (sometimes bloody)
weight loss
extreme tiredness
anaemia
38
Q

causes IBD

A

idiopathic
poss immune/hereditary
diet linked

39
Q

diagnosis IBD

A

x ray
colonoscopy
sigmoidoscopy
biopsy

40
Q

complications IBD

A 
malnutrition
obstruction
malignancy
fistula
fissure
41
Q

pattern of inflammation crhns/ulcerative colitis

A

patchy skip lesions crohns

continuous ulcerative colitis

42
Q

are granuloma common IBD

A

Crohns yse

Ulcerative colitis no

43
Q

are fistulas, fissures, abcesses common IBD

A

crowns yes,

ulcerative colitis no

44
Q

malabsorption common IBD?

A

crowns yes, ulcerative colitis no

45
Q

stool difference IBD

A

crohns loose semi solid

U C watery blood pus

46
Q

what is IBS

A

common longterm condition - stomach cramps, bloating, diarrhoea, constipation

47
Q

symptoms IBS

A 
abdo pain, cramping relieved by passing a stool
diarrhoea
constipation
bloating
flatulence
mucus in stools
48
Q

csauses IBS

A

problems digesting food
previos allergy
GIT infection

49
Q

differential diagnosis ibs

A

Deverticulitis

ibd

50
Q

what happens in coeliac disease

A

body’s immune system attacks its own mucosa tissue when gluten is eaten.
Small intestine
strips microvilli villi, causing atrophy

51
Q

symptoms ceoliac

A 
diarrhoea
bloating etc
weight loss
lethargy
kids not growing
steatorrhoea
mouth ulcers
depression
52
Q

diagnosis ceoliac

A

blood test

biopsy

53
Q

steatorrhoea definition

A

fatty stools

54
Q

longterm complications coeliac disease

A

osteoporosis
aneamia - iron, b9/12
bowel cancer

55
Q

what is diverticulosis

A

presence of diverticula (small pouches) in colon bulging out through weeks spots

56
Q

when does diverticulosis become diverticulitis

A

when diverticuli become inflamed/bleed

57
Q

symptoms diverticulitis

A

bloating abdo pain, diarrhoea
fever
painless bleeding

58
Q

causes diverticulosis/itis

A

low fibre
high abdo pressure
weak connective tissue

59
Q

most common hernia -

A

inguinal - groin

60
Q

what can hiatus hernia cause

A

GORD

61
Q

what is acute pancreatitis

A

pancreas leaks activated enzymes leading to self digestion

62
Q

symptoms acute pancreatitis

A

sudden extreme per-umbilical pain
nausea, vomiting, diarhoea
fever chills shock
emergency!

63
Q

causes pancreatitis

A

alcohol (males mostly)
gall stones (females)
cancer

64
Q

chronic pancreatitis definition

A

chromic inflame leading to permenant damage - scarring/cysts
may obstruct common bile duct

65
Q

symptoms chronic pancreatitis

A

repeated severe abdo pain

greasy foul smelling stools

66
Q

causes pancreatitis chronic

A

longterm alcohol abuse

autoimmune/idiopathic

67
Q

diagnosis pancreatitis

A

u;ltrasound

ct scan

68
Q

complications chronic pancreatitis

A

diabetes

pancreatic cancer

69
Q

symptoms liver cirrhosis

A 
initialy asymptomatic
tiredness, loss appetite, nausea
itchy skin, jaundice
vomiting blood, dark tarry stools
oedema, ascites
70
Q

complications liver cirrhosis

A

jaundice
ascites
portal vein hypertension
oesophageal varices

71
Q

cholelithiasis known as

A

gallstones

72
Q

gallstones usually made of

A

cholesterol

73
Q

symptoms gallstones

A 
asypmtomatic
if traps - pain readiating under right shoulder
inflame of gall bladder
jaundice
temp
chills
gas
bloating
nausea
74
Q

complications gallstones

A 
acute cholecystitis
jaundice
acute cholangitis
acute pancreatitis
cancer
75
Q

enterobiasis is

A

pin/thread worm

76
Q

cryptosporidum/giardia cause

A

waterborne parasites

77
Q

cryptosporidum/giardia symptoms

A 
watery diarrhoea
abdo cramps
dehysration
nausea
vomiting
fever weight loss
78
Q

cholangitis / cholecystitis definition

A

inflame of bile duct

Digestive System (5 decks)

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