Digestion Flashcards
3 monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
3 types carbohydrate
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
3 disaccharides
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose
Polysaccharides 3 kinds
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Where are glucose, fructose and galactose absorbed
Small intestines
What does Maltose breakdown to when digested to its monosaccharide units
Glucose + glucose
What does sucrose break down to when digested to its monosaccharide units
Glucose + fructose
What does lactose breakdown to when digested to monosaccharide units
Glucose + galactose
Monosaccharide unit of starch
Glucose
Monosaccharide unit of glycogen
Glucose
Can cellulose be digested
No it’s indigestible fibre
Where are toxins stored
In adipose tissue
Why don’t you want to lose weight too quickly
If you are losing fat you will be detoxing too
3 functions carbohydrates
Energy
Connective tissues
Cell to cell recognition
Brains preferred energy source
Glucose
3 kinds dietary lipids
Fats & oils (triglycerides)
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Predominant dietary lipid is
Triglycerides
Triglycerides composed of
A glycerol & 3 fatty acids
2 types fatty acids
Saturated/unsaturated
Mono/poly
What are triglycerides digested down to
Where are they absorbed
Glycerol 3 fatty acids
Small intestine
Phospholipids composed of
2 fatty acid tails
Head of phosphate
An amine
Phospholipids digested to
Free fatty acids
How is cholesterol absorbed
U digested
5 functions of dietary lipids
Energy Insulation Cell membranes Hormones Emulsification
Cholesterol is raw material for lots of what
Hormones
What is the myeline sheath
A coating of fat that covers them
What is MS
Erosion of myeline sheath
What must happen to proteins before the amino acids are cleaved apart
Denatured
What type enzymes cleave amino acids apart
Protease enzymes
Where can free amino acids be absorbed
Small intestine
6 functions proteins
Immunity Structures (muscles, collagen) Enzymes Hormones Neurotransmitters Energy
hormones are made up of
proteins
describe process of denaturing protein
3D shape broken into string of amino acids
protease enzymes then chop up string
what are enzymes
biological catalysts which speed up chemical reactions up to thousands of times
are enzymes highly specific
yes! to what substrate they react with
how to enzyme names usually end
in ‘ase’ unless protein related - ‘in’
are enzymes changed or consumed in a chemical reaction
NO! they can perform the same one many times
as enzymes are proteins they can easily be -
denatured/destroyed by PH/temperature changes
