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Skin > pathologies > Flashcards

pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

any abnormal/damaged tissue

A

lesion

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2
Q

brown/purple/pink/red lump smaller than 1cm, no fluid visible

A

papule

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3
Q

white or red lumps with fluid/pus visible

A

pustule

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4
Q

bigger than papule, usually centred in deremis/fat

A

nodule

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5
Q

change in surface colour, skin remains even - birthmark

A

macule

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6
Q

dried body fluids/dead skin cells, scab

A

crust

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7
Q

yellow liquid, non-cellular component of blood

A

plasma

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8
Q

thicker, cloudy pus

A

exudate

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9
Q

epidermal thickening, accentuated skin markings, washboard appreance

A

lichenification

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10
Q

loss of superficial layers of epidermis

chemicals, friction, pressure

A

erosion

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11
Q

excess sebum/keratin oxidised in sebaceous gland/duct

A

open comedo (comedone plural)

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12
Q

excess sebum/keratin not oxidised in sebaceous gland duct, remains white

A

closed comedo (comedone)

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13
Q

eczema/dermatitis are

A

interchangeable

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14
Q

oedematous

A

swelling from fluid

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15
Q

erythematous

A

red

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16
Q

pruritic

A

itchy

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17
Q

typical symptoms general eczema/dermatitis

A 
flaky, dry
oedematous
erthematous
pruritic
crusty weepy
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18
Q

two types contact dermatitis

A

irritant contact dermatitis (ICD)- 80%

allergen contact dermatitis(ACD)

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19
Q

in which contact dermatitis is immune system activated

A

allergen contact dermatitis

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20
Q

how is phototoxic a variant of ICD

A

irritants activated by sunlight

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21
Q

additional symptoms contact dermatitis

A

as general +

possible, burning, erosion, blisters

22
Q

define atopic

A

type of allergy - reaction occurs in part of body NOT in contact with allergen

23
Q

primary sypmtom of atopic dermatitis/excema

A

pruritis

24
Q

atopic dermatitis ezcema typically first presents

A

on flexor surfaces (creases) and cheeks (newborns esp)

25
Q

atopic dermatitis/excema primarily affects

A

children in ureban areas/developed countries

26
Q

Urticaria also known as

A

hives, nettle rash

27
Q

symptoms urticaria

A

hard, raised, erthematous pruritic lesions
develop acutely within minutes
can develop internally and block airways

28
Q

symptoms of psoriasis

A

red scaly plaques
shiny silver scales
bleeding
dents in fingernails

29
Q

pathophysiology psoriasis

A

epthelial cells produced too fast - incomplete maturation

30
Q

triggers psoriasis

A

UV light, chemicals, acohol, stress, lithium, poor gut health, intolerances

31
Q

complications psoriasis

A

psoriatic arthritis - spreads to synovial membranes

32
Q

Acne vulgaris is common in

A

teenagers

33
Q

acne vulgaris characterised by

A

lesions, open/closed comedones, scarring

34
Q

causes acne vulgaris

A

hereditary, excess androgen levels, premenstrual hormone imbalances, sugar, dairy - whey protein!

35
Q

what is infantile acne

A

on baby’s face due to maternal androgens

36
Q

what is steroid acne

A

on back/shoulders from steroid use

37
Q

what is oil acne

A

on oil workers

38
Q

excessive discharge of sebum from sebaceous glands (oily skin)

A

seborrhoea

39
Q

cause of acne rosacea

A

unknown

40
Q

symptoms acne rosacea

A

chronic inflammation/flushing across nose & cheeks
seborrhoea, papules. pustules
NO COMEDONES
many also effect eyes and other organs

41
Q

warts & varrucae caused by

A

human papilloma virus

42
Q

cause of vitiligo

A

genetic, poss auto-immune

43
Q

what happens in vitiligo

A

loss of melanocytes - loss pigmentation

44
Q

causes of burns

A 
heat
cold
chemical
radiation
electricity
45
Q

1st-2nd degree burns are

A

superficial

46
Q

2nd - 4thdegree burns are

A

deep

47
Q

are superficial or deep burns more painful

A

superficial as less nerve damage

48
Q

6 burn complications

A

dehydration - through damaged skin water/plasma
hypovolaemic shock
hypothermia - can’t regulate, excessive heat loss
infection
renal failure - kidney overload
contractures

49
Q

what are contractures

A

scar tissue contracts
distorts skin
impairs movement

50
Q

what is cellulitis

A

bacterial infection of dermal and subcutaneous layers

51
Q

cellulitis usually presents with

A

lymphangitis
lymphoedema
lymphadentitis

52
Q

cellulitis usually occurs where skin is

A

broken

Skin (4 decks)

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