pathologies

Question 1

any abnormal/damaged tissue

Answer 1

lesion

Question 2

brown/purple/pink/red lump smaller than 1cm, no fluid visible

Answer 2

papule

Question 3

white or red lumps with fluid/pus visible

Answer 3

pustule

Question 4

bigger than papule, usually centred in deremis/fat

Answer 4

nodule

Question 5

change in surface colour, skin remains even - birthmark

Answer 5

macule

Question 6

dried body fluids/dead skin cells, scab

Answer 6

crust

Question 7

yellow liquid, non-cellular component of blood

Answer 7

plasma

Question 8

thicker, cloudy pus

Answer 8

exudate

Question 9

epidermal thickening, accentuated skin markings, washboard appreance

Answer 9

lichenification

Question 10

loss of superficial layers of epidermis

chemicals, friction, pressure

Answer 10

erosion

Question 11

excess sebum/keratin oxidised in sebaceous gland/duct

Answer 11

open comedo (comedone plural)

Question 12

excess sebum/keratin not oxidised in sebaceous gland duct, remains white

Answer 12

closed comedo (comedone)

Question 13

eczema/dermatitis are

Answer 13

interchangeable

Question 14

oedematous

Answer 14

swelling from fluid

Question 15

erythematous

Answer 15

red

Question 16

pruritic

Answer 16

itchy

Question 17

typical symptoms general eczema/dermatitis

Answer 17

flaky, dry
oedematous
erthematous
pruritic
crusty weepy

Question 18

two types contact dermatitis

Answer 18

irritant contact dermatitis (ICD)- 80%

allergen contact dermatitis(ACD)

Question 19

in which contact dermatitis is immune system activated

Answer 19

allergen contact dermatitis

Question 20

how is phototoxic a variant of ICD

Answer 20

irritants activated by sunlight

Question 21

additional symptoms contact dermatitis

Answer 21

as general +

possible, burning, erosion, blisters

Question 22

define atopic

Answer 22

type of allergy - reaction occurs in part of body NOT in contact with allergen

Question 23

primary sypmtom of atopic dermatitis/excema

Answer 23

pruritis

Question 24

atopic dermatitis ezcema typically first presents

Answer 24

on flexor surfaces (creases) and cheeks (newborns esp)

Question 25

atopic dermatitis/excema primarily affects

Answer 25

children in ureban areas/developed countries

Question 26

Urticaria also known as

Answer 26

hives, nettle rash

Question 27

symptoms urticaria

Answer 27

hard, raised, erthematous pruritic lesions develop acutely within minutes can develop internally and block airways

Question 28

symptoms of psoriasis

Answer 28

red scaly plaques shiny silver scales bleeding dents in fingernails

Question 29

pathophysiology psoriasis

Answer 29

epthelial cells produced too fast - incomplete maturation

Question 30

triggers psoriasis

Answer 30

UV light, chemicals, acohol, stress, lithium, poor gut health, intolerances

Question 31

complications psoriasis

Answer 31

psoriatic arthritis - spreads to synovial membranes

Question 32

Acne vulgaris is common in

Answer 32

teenagers

Question 33

acne vulgaris characterised by

Answer 33

lesions, open/closed comedones, scarring

Question 34

causes acne vulgaris

Answer 34

hereditary, excess androgen levels, premenstrual hormone imbalances, sugar, dairy - whey protein!

Question 35

what is infantile acne

Answer 35

on baby's face due to maternal androgens

Question 36

what is steroid acne

Answer 36

on back/shoulders from steroid use

Question 37

what is oil acne

Answer 37

on oil workers

Question 38

excessive discharge of sebum from sebaceous glands (oily skin)

Answer 38

seborrhoea

Question 39

cause of acne rosacea

Answer 39

unknown

Question 40

symptoms acne rosacea

Answer 40

chronic inflammation/flushing across nose & cheeks seborrhoea, papules. pustules NO COMEDONES many also effect eyes and other organs

Question 41

warts & varrucae caused by

Answer 41

human papilloma virus

Question 42

cause of vitiligo

Answer 42

genetic, poss auto-immune

Question 43

what happens in vitiligo

Answer 43

loss of melanocytes - loss pigmentation

Question 44

causes of burns

Answer 44

``` heat cold chemical radiation electricity ```

Question 45

1st-2nd degree burns are

Answer 45

superficial

Question 46

2nd - 4thdegree burns are

Answer 46

deep

Question 47

are superficial or deep burns more painful

Answer 47

superficial as less nerve damage

Question 48

6 burn complications

Answer 48

dehydration - through damaged skin water/plasma hypovolaemic shock hypothermia - can't regulate, excessive heat loss infection renal failure - kidney overload contractures

Question 49

what are contractures

Answer 49

scar tissue contracts distorts skin impairs movement

Question 50

what is cellulitis

Answer 50

bacterial infection of dermal and subcutaneous layers

Question 51

cellulitis usually presents with

Answer 51

lymphangitis lymphoedema lymphadentitis

Question 52

cellulitis usually occurs where skin is

Answer 52

broken