PATHOLOGIES

Question 1

disease that occurs when bloody supply is interrupted to the femoral head, causing necrosis to the bone in growing children

Answer 1

legg-calve perthes disease

Question 2

disorder that occurs when the head of the femur becomes displaced due to separation at the growth plate

Answer 2

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Question 3

disease that occurs at the tendinous attachment of the quadriceps tendon to the tibial tuberosity in children whose bones are still growing

Answer 3

osgood-schlatter disease

Question 4

complete separation of the 2 articular surfaces of a joint *a portion of the joint capsule surrounding the joint will be torn

Answer 4

dislocation

Question 5

a partial dislocation of a joint, usually occurs over a period of time *commonly seen in patients with a stroke where the weight of the arm slowly subluxes the shoulder joint

Answer 5

subluxation

Question 6

type of arthritis that is caused by the breakdown and eventual loss of the cartilage of one or more joints

Answer 6

osteoarthritis (degenerative arthritis)

Question 7

partial or complete tearing of ligament fibers

Answer 7

sprain

Question 8

Identify the characteristics of the 3 following levels of a sprain:
mild sprain
moderate sprain
severe sprain

Answer 8

mild sprain: tearing of a few fibers with no loss of function
moderate sprain: partial tearing of a ligament with some loss of function
severe sprain: ligament completely torn(ruptured) and no longer functions

Question 9

overstretching of muscle fibers *graded depending on severity

Answer 9

strain

Question 10

inflammation of a tendon

Answer 10

tendonitis

Question 11

inflammation of the synovial membrane

Answer 11

synovitis

Question 12

inflammation of the tendon sheath and is often caused by repetitive use *commonly observed in the long head of the biceps and the flexor tendons of the hand

Answer 12

tenosynovitis

Question 13

inflammation of the bursa

Answer 13

bursitis

Question 14

inflammation of the joint capsule *occurs for a long period of time, it loses its extensibility and the loss of joint movement is a result

Answer 14

capsulitis

Question 15

characteristic patterns of lost motion that exist when capsular tightness is present in a joint

Answer 15

capsular pattern

Question 16

(general term) loss of sensory and motor function that may be partial or complete depending on the severity *identified by cause or anatomical location *often named for the person first describing the pathology

Answer 16

neuropathy

Question 17

injury to the facial nerve

Answer 17

bell palsy

Question 18

injury to the long thoracic nerve producing weakness or paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle *rising of the medial border of the scapula away from the ribcage

Answer 18

scapular winging

Question 19

when nerves of the brachial plexus, the subclavian artery, or the subclavian vein are compressed against the thoracic outlet
*pain, sensory and motor loss, interference with blood flow

Answer 19

thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

Question 20

occur after an overstretch or over-compression of the brachial plexus

Answer 20

burners (stingers)

Question 21

traction injury to the upper portions of the brachial plexus

Answer 21

erb palsy

Question 22

radial nerve is compressed as it spirals around the mid-humerus

Answer 22

Saturday night palsy

Question 23

irritation of the sciatic nerve or nerve roots
*radiating pain along the path of the sciatic nerve

Answer 23

sciatica

Question 24

injury to the common fibular(peroneal) nerve
*weakness or paralysis of the ankle dorsiflexor and the toe extensor muscles

Answer 24

foot drop

Question 25

mass of neurovascular tissue

Answer 25

neuroma

Question 26

a complete tearing of a tendon

Answer 26

rupture

Question 27

hyperirritable points within a tight band of muscle that refer pain to other areas of the body when they are active or when they are palpated

Answer 27

trigger points

Question 28

inflammation of a tendon that can be present at either the musculotendinous junction, tenoperiosteal junction, or within the body of the tendon

Answer 28

tendonitis