Pathologies Flashcards
1
Q
Alzheimer’s Disease
A
- Progressive deterioration and damage in cerebral cortex and subcortical areas
- Decreased acetylcholine transmission in brain
- Neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques
- Progressive decline in cognitive, motor, and behavioral functions.
2
Q
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
A
- Chronic degenerative disease
- Upper and lower motor neurons
- Rapid degeneration and demyelination in giant pyramidal cells of cerebral cortex, corticospinal tracts, LMNs in gray matter, anterior horn cells, and areas in precentral gyrus.
- Denervation of muscle fibers, atrophy, weakness
3
Q
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
A
4
Q
Cerebral Palsy
A
5
Q
Cerebrovascular Accident
A
6
Q
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
A
6
Q
Down Syndrome
A
7
Q
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
A
8
Q
Multiple Sclerosis
A
9
Q
Parkinson’s Disease
A
10
Q
Sciatica (secondary to herniated disk)
A
11
Q
SCI - Complete C7 Tetraplegia
A
12
Q
SCI - Complete L3 Paraplegia
A
13
Q
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
A
14
Q
Traumatic Brain Injury
A
15
Q
Upper Motor Neuron Disease
A
Lesion found in descending motor tracts within the cerebral cortex, internal capsule, brainstem, or lateral whit column of spinal cord?
16
Q
UMN symptoms
A
- Hyperreflexia
- Hypertonicity
- Weakness of involved muscles
- Mild disuse atrophy
- Abnormal reflexes
- No fasciculations (??)
17
Q
UMN lesion examples
A
- cerebral palsy
- hydrocephalus
- ALS (both UMN and LMN)
- CVA
- birth injuries
- multiple sclerosis
- Huntington’s chorea
- TBI
- psuedobulbar palsy
- brain tumors
18
Q
Lower Motor Neuron Disease
A
Lesion in nerves or axons below the level of the brainstem, usually within the “final common pathway” (?).
19
Q
LMN lesion symptoms
A
- Hyporeflexia (dimished or absent)
- Hypotonicity
- Flaccidity and weakness of involved muscles
- Muscle atrophy
- Fasciculations
20
Q
LMN lesion examples
A
- poliomyelitis
- ALS (both UMN and LMN)
- Guillain-Barre
- spinal cord tumors
- trauma
- progressive muscular atrophy
- infection
- Bell’s palsy
- carpal tunnel syndrome
- muscular dystrophy
- spinal muscular dystrophy
