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NPTE: Neuromuscular and Nervous Systems > Pathologies > Flashcards

Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A
  • Progressive deterioration and damage in cerebral cortex and subcortical areas
  • Decreased acetylcholine transmission in brain
  • Neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques
  • Progressive decline in cognitive, motor, and behavioral functions.
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2
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A
  • Chronic degenerative disease
  • Upper and lower motor neurons
  • Rapid degeneration and demyelination in giant pyramidal cells of cerebral cortex, corticospinal tracts, LMNs in gray matter, anterior horn cells, and areas in precentral gyrus.
  • Denervation of muscle fibers, atrophy, weakness
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3
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A
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4
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A
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5
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident

A
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6
Q

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

A
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6
Q

Down Syndrome

A
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7
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

A
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8
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A
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9
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A
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10
Q

Sciatica (secondary to herniated disk)

A
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11
Q

SCI - Complete C7 Tetraplegia

A
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12
Q

SCI - Complete L3 Paraplegia

A
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13
Q

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

A
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14
Q

Traumatic Brain Injury

A
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15
Q

Upper Motor Neuron Disease

A

Lesion found in descending motor tracts within the cerebral cortex, internal capsule, brainstem, or lateral whit column of spinal cord?

16
Q

UMN symptoms

A
  • Hyperreflexia
  • Hypertonicity
  • Weakness of involved muscles
  • Mild disuse atrophy
  • Abnormal reflexes
  • No fasciculations (??)
17
Q

UMN lesion examples

A
  • cerebral palsy
  • hydrocephalus
  • ALS (both UMN and LMN)
  • CVA
  • birth injuries
  • multiple sclerosis
  • Huntington’s chorea
  • TBI
  • psuedobulbar palsy
  • brain tumors
18
Q

Lower Motor Neuron Disease

A

Lesion in nerves or axons below the level of the brainstem, usually within the “final common pathway” (?).

19
Q

LMN lesion symptoms

A
  • Hyporeflexia (dimished or absent)
  • Hypotonicity
  • Flaccidity and weakness of involved muscles
  • Muscle atrophy
  • Fasciculations
20
Q

LMN lesion examples

A
  • poliomyelitis
  • ALS (both UMN and LMN)
  • Guillain-Barre
  • spinal cord tumors
  • trauma
  • progressive muscular atrophy
  • infection
  • Bell’s palsy
  • carpal tunnel syndrome
  • muscular dystrophy
  • spinal muscular dystrophy

NPTE: Neuromuscular and Nervous Systems (9 decks)

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