Definitions

Question 1

Akinesia

Answer 1

• inability to initiate movement
• Ex: freezing of gait in Parkinson’s

Question 2

Asthenia

Answer 2

Generalized weakness, typically secondary to cerebellar pathology.

Question 3

Ataxia

Answer 3

The inability to perform coordinated movements.
- looks like drunk walk

Question 4

Athetosis

Answer 4

Slow, twisting, writhing, involuntary, large amplitude movements combined with postural instability; usually seen in face, tongue, trunk, and extremities.

Question 5

Bradykinesia

Answer 5

Slow movement

Question 6

Chorea

Answer 6

• Sudden, random, involuntary movements
• Can look similar to fidgeting
• Typically secondary to damage to the caudate nucleus
• Huntington’s

Question 7

Clasp-knife response

Answer 7

Form of resistance seen during range of motion of a hypertonic joint where there is the greatest resistance at the initiation of range that lessens with movement through the range of motion.

Question 8

Clonus

Answer 8

Involuntary alternating spasmodic contraction of a muscle precipitated by a quick stretch reflex.
- UMN

Question 9

Cogwheel rigidity

Answer 9

Form of rigidity where resistance to movement has a phasic quality to it.
- Parkinson’s

Question 10

Dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 10

Inability to perform rapidly alternating movements.

Question 11

Dysmetria

Answer 11

Inability to control the range of a movement and the force of muscular activity.

Question 12

Dystonia

Answer 12

Closely related to athetosis, but there is larger axial muscle movment than appendicular muscles.

Question 13

Fasciculation

Answer 13

Muscular twitch caused by random discharge of an LMN and its muscle fibers.
- Suggests LMN disease

Question 14

Hemiballism

Answer 14

Involuntary, large, violent movement of large body part

Question 15

Kinesthesia

Answer 15

Ability to perceive the direction and extent of movement of a joint or body part.

Question 16

Lead pipe rigidity

Answer 16

Form of rigidity where there is uniform and constant resistance to range of motion
- basal ganglia lesions

Question 17

Rigidity

Answer 17

State of severe hypertonicity where a sustained muscle contraction does not allow for any movement at a specified joint.

Question 18

Tremor

Answer 18

Involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movements secondary to a basal ganglia lesion.

Question 19

Agnosia

Answer 19

Inability to interpret information.

Question 20

Agraphesthesia

Answer 20

Inability to recognize symbols, letters, or numbers traced on the skin.

Question 21

Agraphia

Answer 21

Inability to write due to a lesion within the brain and typically found in combo with aphasia.

Question 22

Alexia

Answer 22

Inability to read or comprehend written language secondary to a lesion within the dominant lobe of the brain.

Question 23

Anosognosia

Answer 23

Denial or unawareness of one’s illness; often associated with unilateral neglect.

Question 24

Aphasia

Answer 24

Inability to communicate verbally or comprehend due to damage to specific areas of the brain.

Question 25

Apraxia

Answer 25

Inability to perform purposeful learned movements or activities even though there is no sensory or motor impairment that would hinder completion of the task.

Question 26

Ideational Apraxia

Answer 26

Inability to formulate an initial motor plan and sequence tasks when the proprioceptive input needed to complete the task is impaired.

Question 27

Ideomotor Apraxia

Answer 27

• Condition where person plans a movement or task, but cannot volitionally perform it.
• Automatic movement may occur, but person cannot impose additional movement on command.

Question 28

Constructional Apraxia

Answer 28

• Inability to reproduce geometric figures and designs.
• Often unable to visually analyze how to perform a task.

Question 29

Asterognosis

Answer 29

Inability to recognize objects by sense of touch.

Question 30

Body Schema

Answer 30

Understanding the body as a whole and the relationship of its parts to the whole.

Question 31

Decerebrate rigidity

Answer 31

• Corticospinal lesion at level of brainstem
• Extension of trunk and extremities

Question 32

Decorticate rigidity

Answer 32

• Corticospinal lesion at level of diencephalon
• Trunks and LEs in extension and UEs in flexion

Question 33

Diplopia

Answer 33

Double vision

Question 34

Dysarthria

Answer 34

Slurred and impaired speech due to a motor deficit of the tongue or other essential speech muscles.

Question 35

Dysphagia

Answer 35

Difficulty swallowing

Question 36

Dysprosody

Answer 36

Impairment in the rhythm and inflection of speech.

Question 37

Emotional lability

Answer 37

• Characteristic of R hemisphere infarct
• Inability to control emotions and outbursts of crying or laughing that are inconsistent with the situation.

Question 38

Fluent aphasia

Answer 38

Characteristic of receptive aphasia where speech output is fine but words are jumbled and do not make sense.

Question 39

Non-fluent aphasia

Answer 39

Characteristic of expressive aphasia where speech is non-functional, effortful and contains paraphasias.
- writing also impaired

Question 40

Hemiparesis

Answer 40

Condition of weakness on one side of the body.

Question 41

Hemiplegia

Answer 41

Condition of paralysis on one side of the body.

Question 42

Homonymous Hemianopsia

Answer 42

The loss of the right or the left half of the field of vision in both eyes.

Question 43

Neologism

Answer 43

Substitution within a word that is no severe that it makes the word unrecognizable.

Question 44

Perseveration

Answer 44

The state of repeatedly performing the same segment of a task or repeatedly saying the same word/phrase without purpose.

Question 45

Unilateral Neglect

Answer 45

• Inability to interpret stimuli and events on the contralateral side of a hemispheric lesion.
• Left-sided neglect is most common with a lesion to the right inferior parietal or superior temporal lobes.