Pathologies

Question 1

Ankylosis spondylitis

Answer 1

Arthritis that causes inflammation in the joints and ligaments of the spine. Over time it can cause vertebrae to fuse.

Question 2

Spinal stenosis

Answer 2

Narrowing of the spinal canal. Caused by: herniated disc, osteoarthritis, spondylosis

Question 3

Spondylosis

Answer 3

Generic umbrella term for steoarthritic changes in the spine

Question 4

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 4

A vertebra slips out of position - sup translates anteriorly

Question 5

Scoliosis

Answer 5

S shaped lateral curve in the spine

Question 6

WAD

Answer 6

Neck pain due to sudden trauma typically acceleration or deceleration force

Question 7

What could be encompassed in non-specific back pain?

Answer 7

A condition effecting muscles, ligs, tendons, facets, IVD, joints

Question 8

Myelopathy

Answer 8

Central cord compression; cauda equine if in lumbar spine

Question 9

Radiculopathy

Answer 9

Lateral nerve root compression as it leaves the spine through the exit foramen

Question 10

CAD

Answer 10

Vascular pathologies that can lead to cervico-cranial ischaemia. Causes can be atherosclerosis, vasospasms, giant cell arteritis

Question 11

CES

Answer 11

Compression of nerves at the bottom of the SC

Question 12

Metastatic spinal cord compression

Answer 12

Cancer spreads to SC and causes compression

Question 13

DVT

Answer 13

Venous thrombosis involving formation of blood clot in deep vein (legs and pelvis)

Question 14

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 14

Thrombus travels through heart to pulmonary system into pulmonary arteries

Question 15

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 15

autoimmune disease causing inflammation of the joints in the lining. Has an extra-articular involvement whereas OA is cartilage in the joint degenerates and can’t withstand the load

Question 16

Infection

Answer 16

foreign pathogen multiplies within the body enough to produce harmful effects. Red, swollen, pus, fever, fatigue, muscle pain

Question 17

fracture

Answer 17

Break in bone. Unable to wb, red, swollen, bruised, lof

Question 18

RED-S

Answer 18

A condition where disordered eating (or low energy availability) and decreased bone mineral density is present (osteoporosis, penia). increases risk of stress fractures

Question 19

Osteoporosis

Answer 19

Low low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue leading to chronic fragility

Question 20

Osteopenia

Answer 20

Protein and mineral content of bone tissue is reduced (less so than osteoporosis)

Question 21

Osteoarthritis

Answer 21

Chronic joint condition where joints are damaged and swollen. Cartilage degenerates so bones are closer together and cannot absorb shock

Question 22

Fibromyalgia

Answer 22

Chronic widespread pain and tenderness in the body with an idiopathic cause.

Question 23

Tendinopathy

Answer 23

Pain or dysfunction associated with any tendon with inflammatory and degenerative features. Typically due to overload

Question 24

Fasciopathy or fasciitis

Answer 24

Inflammation of fascia . Can be due to thickening or degeneration.

Question 25

Rotator cuff related SP

Answer 25

Umbrella term for rc teninopathy, tears, sub-acromegaly pain syndrome . Due to compression, overuse and underuse

Question 26

Strains

Answer 26

Torn collagen of muscle fibre due to overstretch or over-contraction of a muscle

Question 27

Dystonia

Answer 27

Neurological hyperkinetic movement causing repetitive movements or abnormal fixed postures

Question 28

FAI

Answer 28

Morphological abnormalities of the acetabulum or femur combined its vigorous hip movement can cause damage to soft tissue. Cam, pincer or combined

Question 29

Sprain

Answer 29

Tear to ligament

Question 30

Frozen shoulder

Answer 30

Inflammatory condition initially painful and progressivelyrestrictive GH rom with spontaneous recovery. Capsular pattern. Loss of ER

Question 31

Meniscal disorders

Answer 31

Acute or degenerative tears to cartilage

Question 32

PFPS

Answer 32

Pain from patellofemoral joint or adjacent ST

Question 33

Shoulder instability

Answer 33

Tendency to dislocate or sublux due to labrum or ligament stretching or tearing

Question 34

Sciatica

Answer 34

Nerve irritated or compressed