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Resp 1104: PT assessment > Pathologies > Flashcards

Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

membrane coverin entire chest wall; has pain receptors

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2
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

membrane covering the entire lung within chest cavity

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3
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between parietal and visceral pleura

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4
Q

Pleural effusions

A

fluid build up in the pleural space

fix via needle decompression

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5
Q

hemothorax

A

blood build up in pleura

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6
Q

Empyema

A

Pus in the pleural space caused by an infection

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7
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleura

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8
Q

Pnuemothorax

A

air entering the pleural space

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9
Q
  • hyperresonance, decreased breath sounds
  • Tracheal deviation, compression of the lungs, mediastinum shift
  • Treated by needle decompresesion in the 2nd interocastal space at the midclavicular line flollowed by tube thoracostomy
A

Tension Pneumothorax

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10
Q

Atelectasis

A

lung tissue collapse

mediastinum shift towards the atelactasis

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11
Q
  • complete air obstruction in lung segment
  • air trapping
  • shunt
A

Respiratory atelectasis

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12
Q

What type of atelectasis that has the following:

  • pleural cavity is partially or completely filled with fluid, air, blood, or there is a tumor present
  • this pushes on the lungs
A

Compression Atelectasis

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13
Q

Inability to expand lungs fully caused bylocal or generalized fiboritic changes in the lung

A

Contraction atelectasis

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14
Q

Asthma

A 
Obstructive
3 main components
- aiway wall inflammation- mucosal edema
- bronchial smooth muscle contraction
- mucous production
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15
Q

Asthma signs

A

S.O.B, difficulty exhaling (air trapping),Increased W.O.B, dyspnea, wheezing, cyanosis, tachycardia, inc Te

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16
Q
  • increased Raw and loss of elastance involving small airways and alveoli
  • 80-90% cases are smoking related
A

COPD

17
Q
  • COPD subgroup- increased mucous prod due to inflammation of the bronchi
  • overweight
  • cyanotic–>inc Hb
  • peripheral edema
  • wheezing
  • hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
A

Chronic Bronchitis

18
Q
  • COPD subgroup
  • break down of elastin–> too floppy–> floppy lung–> air trapping
  • Severe dyspnea
  • quiet breaths
  • hyperinflation with flat diaphragm
A

Emphysema

19
Q
  • Heart cannot pump as efficiently due to CAD, high BP, myocardial infection, congenital heart defect
A

CHF

20
Q

CHF symptoms

A

SOB, edema in legs, irregular HR, PINK FOAMY MUCOUS, chest pain, fluid retention

21
Q

left sided CHF characterized by pink foamy phlegm

A

cardiogenic pulmonary edema

22
Q

infectious pneumonia, aspiration pneumonia, toxin exposure, trauma, elevation

A

non- cardiogenic pulmonary edema

23
Q

acute symptoms of pulmonary edema

A
  • extreme dyspnea-when lying down
  • wheezing
  • chest pain
  • irregular HR
24
Q

chronic symptoms of pulmonary edema

A
  • dyspnea when lying down
  • wheezing
  • SOB at night
  • fatigue
  • weight gain
  • lower extremity edema
25
Q

RESTRICTIVE- infection of the lungs, deacreased in lung compliance

A

Pneumonia

26
Q

Symptoms of Pneumonia

A

Chest pain, dyspnea, productive cough, diaphoresis, fever, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue

27
Q

blood clot in the pulmonary circulation, usually from deep vein thrombosis (in leg)
- emboli can make its way to the infeior vena cava and can lodge intself in the vessels in the lungs

A

pulmonary embolism

28
Q

Symptoms of pulmonary embolism

A
  • Dyspnea, chest pain (feels like a heart attack), cough, leg pain and swelling, cyanosis, fever, sweating, dizziness, irregular HR
29
Q

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

A

intermittent pauses in breathing for more than 10s from an upper aiway blockage (most likely a soft tissue obst)

30
Q

severe and potentially life threathening allergic rxn

- rash, vomiting, weak pulse low BP, lethargy/fainting, upper airway swelling

A

anaphalaxis

31
Q

viral infection causing inflammation of the upper airway and trachea. Affects small children. Temporarily relieved by cold air to relieve swelling.

A

Croup

32
Q

hypocarbia

A

abnormal decrease of PaCO2

33
Q

hypercapnia

A

too much PaCO2

34
Q

define compliance

A

ease of dispenpensability or how elastic the lung is

35
Q

relationship between compliance and elastance

A

the more compliant the lung is the less elastic it is (less desire to return to its normal shape)

Resp 1104: PT assessment (6 decks)

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