Pathological reflexes

Question 1

Glabella AKA McCarthey

Answer 1

Contraction of orbicularis occuli muscle upon percussion of supraorbital ridge

Question 2

Hoffman

Answer 2

clawing of the fingers and thumb (flexion and adduction of thumb with flexion of fingers) upon flicking tip of index finger into extension

Question 3

Tromner

Answer 3

flexion of fingers and thumb upon tapping palmar surface or tips of middle three fingers

Question 4

Ankle clonus

Answer 4

Continued involuntary contraction (sustained plantar flexion) of foot upon quick forcible dorsiflexion

Question 5

Babinski

Answer 5

dorsiflexion of big toe and fanning or splaying of other toes upon stimulation(lateral to medial) of the plantar surface of the foot

Question 6

oppenheim sign

Answer 6

application of pressure to anterior tibia (Babinski)

Question 7

Chaddock sign

Answer 7

stroking down the lateral leg around the lateral malleolus (Babinski)

Question 8

Gordon sign

Answer 8

squeezing the calf (Babinski)

Question 9

Schaefer sign

Answer 9

schaefer sign (Babinski)