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Neuro Diagnosis > ND Test 1 #1 > Flashcards

ND Test 1 #1 Flashcards

1
Q

CSF is filtered by _____ out of blood

A

ependymal cells

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2
Q

• CSF functions

A

protection, reduces effect of gravity on brain by 20%, nutrient and waste exchange, chemical protection
o Buffer for acid/base

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3
Q

o Flow of CSF:

A

in lateral ventricles then to third ventricle, then to fourth ventricle (in front of cerebellum), then drain out the sides to cover the skull and brain. At the bottom of fourth ventricle it goes through central canal and goes down to sacrum

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4
Q

o Walking and pumping mechanism of sacrum moves____ back up

A

CSF

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5
Q

takes ____ hours to turn over CSF

A

7 ½

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6
Q

CSF Volume is ____cc at about ____cc per hour

A

150

20

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7
Q

CSF is taken to sagittal sinus and introduced back into blood through ______ granulations

A

arachnoid

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8
Q

o Brain has no _____ but all of blood vessels, meninges, periosteum do

A

nociceptors

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9
Q

Sensory nerves for headaches are

A

V, IX, X, and C1-C3

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10
Q

Vascular headaches

A

Migraine

Cluster

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11
Q

usually start in adolescent, young women and outgrown by 30, occurs unilaterally, light and sound make it worse, cure by sleeping off migraine, blood vessels get irritated

A

migraine (vascular)

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12
Q

2 types of migraines

A

Classic

complicated

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13
Q

presence of an aura, jagged lines in vision as part of aura, a feeling of uneasiness or nausea that precedes the migraine, last 2-4 hours to 24 hours

A

classic migraine

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14
Q

involves a transient neurological deficit in addition to the classic presentation (numbness or tingling, vision loss on side of migraine, paralysis on one side)

A

complicated migraine

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15
Q

middle-aged men, brought on by alcohol and stress, pain is unilateral and deep, boring behind the eye, timeframe is in minutes usually 15-20 minutes

A

Cluster headache (vascular)

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16
Q

subluxation induced headache/cervicogenic

A

tension

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17
Q

 Hat band
 Timing: years
 Due to misalignment in cervical area and causes pulling of vertebra from muscle

A

Tesnsion headache

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18
Q

Headache with neck stiffness and fever is suggestive of

A

meningitis

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19
Q

Sudden explosive headache is suggestive of

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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20
Q

Giant cell arteritis, found in elderly patients, inflammation of temporal artery and others (those supplying the eye), temporal artery is enlarged, lead to vision loss

A

Temporal arteritis

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21
Q

pressure pushes part of brain out FM (usually cerebellum sticking out due to hydrocephalus)

A

Arnold Kiary syndrome

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22
Q

elevated blood pressure, decreased heart rate and respiratory abnormality

A

cushing’s triad

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23
Q

Papilledema

A

optic disc is getting pushed forward to the back of the eyeball and the veins become distended because blood can’t be drain back into the eyeball from the ophthalmic vein

24
Q

global symptoms

A

headache, change in consciousness

25
Q

Focal symptoms

A

neurological deficit that tie to a specific area of the nervous system: tumor sitting on the cerebrum at area that controls handhand numbness; Optic chiasma tumorvery specific pattern of vision loss

26
Q

there is no physical damage to the brain, a little headache or bump on side

A

Concussion

27
Q

fever and disequilibrium up to weeks after the trauma, due to brief loss of memory from concussion, vestibular system got thrown off so fast

A

Post concussive syndrome

28
Q

bruise due to bleeding from rupture of blood vessels in brainleak out of brain
 Don’t go to sleep because can’t monitor the gradual increase in blood leaking

A

contusion

29
Q

Laceration

A

actual tearing of brain tissue, deficits resulting from this are permanent, most serious

30
Q

Intracranial hemorrhages

A 
Epidural
subdural
subarachnoid 
intracerebral
hydrocephalus
tumors
31
Q

Intracranial hemorrhage:happens in the dural space, middle meningeal artery gets ruptured, pool of blood pushes everything away from it

A

Epidural

32
Q

Intracranial hemorrhage: rupture of the bridging veins, blood will flow out really slow because veins are low in pressure

A

subdural

33
Q

Intracranial hemorrhage: worse headache with a very sudden onset, explosive, usually fatal because the cerebral arteries rupture
 Beri aneurysm
• Familial

A

Subarachnoid

34
Q

Intracranial hemorrhage: most common cause is high blood pressure because the microvasculature of the brain burst

A

Intracerebral

35
Q

Intracranial hemorrhage: Obstructed CSF flow with headaches, change in consciousness and Papilledema (bulging optic disc)

A

hydrocephalus

36
Q

Intracranial hemorrhage: increased intracranial pressure with with focal deficits

A

Tumors

37
Q

Doesn’t lead to a lot of damage because blood is not intermixing with brain tissue but does lead to increase pressure, after significant head trauma

A

epidural hemorrhage

38
Q

___% of tumors are metastatic

A

23% (comming from somewhere else)

39
Q

___ meningioma

A

17% (benign and easy to take out)

40
Q

___% of tumors come from glioma and ___% are metastatic

A

40

50

41
Q

tumor of the ependymal cells, interspersed with all the nerve roots

A

ependyoma

42
Q

tumor of the astrocytes, worst of the gliomas, a.k.a. glioblastoma only 5% survive to 5 years, 20% survive 1 year

A

astrocytoma

43
Q

doctor flexes patient’s neck to chest. Positive will be patient bends both legs at knee

A

Brudzinki’s Sign

44
Q

fatal within hours of onset, signs are:photophobia, CSF is cloudy with decreased glucose due to pus and bacteria feeding off glucose

A

bacterial meningitis

45
Q

A pus-filled cavity in brain

A

abcess

46
Q

Abscess in temporal lobe=

A

can’t hear

47
Q

Abscess in occipital lobe=

A

can’t see

48
Q

CNS infection: headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, papilledema, symptoms of infection and increased intracranial pressure, focal symptoms of inflammation

A

brain abscess

49
Q

difference between viral meningitis and bacterial

A

viral=not fatal, normal CSF, lasts 10 days

50
Q

Encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

eg:West Nile virus

51
Q

Meningoencephalitis: starts as meningitis and works way inward

A

west nile virus

52
Q

African sleeping sickness presentation:

A

May sleep for days
Muscle ache, lethargy
Fever, headache, nuchal rigidity

53
Q

African Sleeping sickness vector

A

Tsitze fly

54
Q

infection of the CNS is differentiated by

A

Lumbar puncture or spinal tap

55
Q

Lumbar puncture is taken @

A

L4/5

56
Q

too much fluid from tap drawn too quickly can cause

A

low pressure headache

Neuro Diagnosis (13 decks)

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