Pathological Hyperbilirubinaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is Jaundice?

A

Yellow colouration of the skin and the sclerae caused by the accumulation of bilirubin in the skin and mucuous membranes

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2
Q

What is hyperbilirubinaemia?

A

raised level of bilirubin in the body

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3
Q

What does kernicterus mean?

A

clinical features of actue or chronis bilirubin encephalopathy, including cerebral palsy, hearing loss and visual problems

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4
Q

What is prolonged jaundice?

A

Jaundice lasting more than 14 days in term babies and more than 21 days in preterm babies

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5
Q

What are the barriers to bilirubin conjugation?

A

metabolic disturbances
hypothermia
infection
drugs
free fatty acids

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6
Q

What are the major causes of pathological jaundice?

A

haemolysis
infections
inherited disorders of RBC metabolism
membrane defects
inherited disorders of bilirubin metabolism
iatrogenic injuries
swallowed blood
increased enterohepatic circulation
decreased liver function
hypothyroidism
hypopituitarism
galactosaemia

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of subtle toxicity?

A

sleepy baby
poor feeding
reduced tone
high pitched cry

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of progressive toxicity?

A

lethargy
irritability
hypo/hypertonia
shrill cry
arching of back & neck

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of advanced toxicity?

A

coma
seizures
marked hypo/hypertonia
bicycling movements of limbs
inconsolable cry

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10
Q

What are the toxic effects of excessive unconjugated bilirubin?

A

mechanism unclear
increased risk if hypoproteinaemia
competition for binding site on albumin
sepsis, acidosis, hypoxia

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11
Q

How do you care for jaundice babies? (less than 35 weeks gestation)

A

TcB

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12
Q

What is the diagnosis & management of hyperbilirubinaemia? (<24 hours of age)

A

Check serum bilirubin

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