Pathological Gait: Knee

Question 1

Which muscle influences muscle weakness?

Answer 1

Quads, gait behaviors are consistent with these

Question 2

Knee flexion contracture is limited…

Answer 2

inadequate extension

Question 3

Inadequate flexion: definition

Answer 3

failure to achieve normal amount of flexion

Question 4

Excessive extension: definition

Answer 4

extension beyond neutral (hyperextension)

Question 5

Excessive flexion: definition

Answer 5

more than normal range

Question 6

Inadequate extension: definition

Answer 6

persistent knee flexion when knee should be extended

Question 7

Inadequate flexion: phases affected

Answer 7

LR
PSw
ISw

Question 8

Excessive extension: phases affected

Answer 8

LR-TSt (only if range available)

Question 9

Excessive flexion: phases affected

Answer 9

PSw

ISw

Question 10

Inadequate extension: phases affected

Answer 10

MSt

TSt

Question 11

Inadequate flexion: LR causes

Answer 11

quad weakness
hip extensor weakness
muscle/joint pain (avoidance)
excessive quad activity
decreased heel rocker
excessive pf
limited knee flexion

Question 12

Inadequate flexion: LR penalties

Answer 12

decreased shock absorption

(increased bone/cartilage loading), passive

Question 13

Inadequate flexion: PSw/ISw causes

Answer 13

muscle/joint pain (avoidance)
excessive quad activity
hip flexor weakness
lack knee flexion (dynamic hip flexion facilitates)

Question 14

Inadequate flexion: PSw/ISw penalties

Answer 14

Decreased foot clearance

Excessively flexed hip

Question 15

Excessive extension: LR-TSt causes

Answer 15

quad weakness
muscle/joint pain (avoidance)
excessive quad activity
excessive pf
(similar to inadequate knee flexion)

Question 16

Excessive extension: LR-TSt penalties

Answer 16

posterior knee joint stress

pain

Question 17

Excessive flexion: PSw/ISw causes

Answer 17

compensatory action to assist in foot clearance due to excessive pf
abnormal motor control (flexor pattern)

Question 18

Excessive flexion: PSw/ISw penalties

Answer 18

increased energy expenditure, muscle overuse
hip flexors
biceps femoris (SH)

Question 19

Inadequate extension: MSt/TSt causes

Answer 19

knee flexion contracture
hip flexion contracture
excessive df, calf weakness
excessive hamstring activation
quad weakenss
purposeful strategy to reduce heel rocker
- weakness
- poor balance
- heel pain

Question 20

Inadequate extension: MSt/TSt penalties

Answer 20

increased energy expenditure, muscle overuse
quads
diminished forward progression
decreased stride length
decreased prep for stance
decreased limb adv.

Question 21

Dynamic Knee Valgus: stance causes

Answer 21

excessive hip ADDuction/IR

weak hip ABDuctors/ER

Question 22

Dynamic Knee Valgus: stance penalties

Answer 22

Knee joint stress/strain

• MCL stress
• Pes anserine strain
• ITB strain

Patellofemoral joint stress

Question 23

Dynamic Knee Varus: stance causes

Answer 23

pelvic drop owing to hip ABDuctor weakness

Question 24

Dynamic Knee Varus: stance penalties

Answer 24

Knee joint stress/strain

• LCL stress
• ITB strain
• Medial compartment compression

Question 25

Excessive Knee Rotation: stance causes

Answer 25

excessive pronation

weak hip ER

Question 26

Excessive Knee Rotation: stance penalties

Answer 26

Knee joint stress/strain

• MCL stress
• Pes anserine strain
• ITB strain

Patellofemoral joint stress