Pathological Gait: Knee Flashcards
Which muscle influences muscle weakness?
Quads, gait behaviors are consistent with these
Knee flexion contracture is limited…
inadequate extension
Inadequate flexion: definition
failure to achieve normal amount of flexion
Excessive extension: definition
extension beyond neutral (hyperextension)
Excessive flexion: definition
more than normal range
Inadequate extension: definition
persistent knee flexion when knee should be extended
Inadequate flexion: phases affected
LR
PSw
ISw
Excessive extension: phases affected
LR-TSt (only if range available)
Excessive flexion: phases affected
PSw
ISw
Inadequate extension: phases affected
MSt
TSt
Inadequate flexion: LR causes
quad weakness hip extensor weakness muscle/joint pain (avoidance) excessive quad activity decreased heel rocker excessive pf limited knee flexion
Inadequate flexion: LR penalties
decreased shock absorption
(increased bone/cartilage loading), passive
Inadequate flexion: PSw/ISw causes
muscle/joint pain (avoidance)
excessive quad activity
hip flexor weakness
lack knee flexion (dynamic hip flexion facilitates)
Inadequate flexion: PSw/ISw penalties
Decreased foot clearance
Excessively flexed hip
Excessive extension: LR-TSt causes
quad weakness muscle/joint pain (avoidance) excessive quad activity excessive pf (similar to inadequate knee flexion)
Excessive extension: LR-TSt penalties
posterior knee joint stress
pain
Excessive flexion: PSw/ISw causes
compensatory action to assist in foot clearance due to excessive pf
abnormal motor control (flexor pattern)
Excessive flexion: PSw/ISw penalties
increased energy expenditure, muscle overuse
hip flexors
biceps femoris (SH)
Inadequate extension: MSt/TSt causes
knee flexion contracture hip flexion contracture excessive df, calf weakness excessive hamstring activation quad weakenss purposeful strategy to reduce heel rocker - weakness - poor balance - heel pain
Inadequate extension: MSt/TSt penalties
increased energy expenditure, muscle overuse quads diminished forward progression decreased stride length decreased prep for stance decreased limb adv.
Dynamic Knee Valgus: stance causes
excessive hip ADDuction/IR
weak hip ABDuctors/ER
Dynamic Knee Valgus: stance penalties
Knee joint stress/strain
- MCL stress
- Pes anserine strain
- ITB strain
Patellofemoral joint stress
Dynamic Knee Varus: stance causes
pelvic drop owing to hip ABDuctor weakness
Dynamic Knee Varus: stance penalties
Knee joint stress/strain
- LCL stress
- ITB strain
- Medial compartment compression
