Lecture 3 Flashcards
Why evaluate gait?
Most common physical activity performs by humans
Society participation
Disease/trauma can disrupt the precision, coordination, speed and versatility that is characteristic of normal walking
**Decreases efficiency & increased energy cost
Abnormal gait can affect the LE at what levels?
Joint stress (bone/cartilage)
Soft tissue strain (ligament/tendon)
Muscle overuse
*Provides insight
Clinical Indications
1) Painful gait (most common)
Functional limitations:
2) Unstable gait (instability, falls, trips)
3) Inability to walk quickly
4) Inability to walk efficiently
5) Inability to walk distances
Basic Functions of the Locomotion Unit during Gait
1) Shock absorption
2) Stance Stability (passive/active)
3) Forward Progression
4) Energy conservation
Shock absorption
Force to floor, the force pushing back, reduces impact
**Primary: Eccentric quads
Passive shock absorbers
Bone
Cartilage
Shoe
Active shock absorbers
Eccentric muscle contraction
Passive Stance Stability
Body weight line
COM over BOS for max stability
No muscle activation
Dynamic Stance Stability
COM is not over BOS while walking
Goal: Translate COM forward
During Frontal plane is the COM over BOS?
NO
5 Forward Progression Factors
1) Heel rocker, tibia to progress, foot flat (lost forward progression)
2) Ankle rocker, COM over BOS
3) Toe rocker, COM beyond BOS
4) Forward fall of BW, keep momentum
5) Swing limb momentum, propel
Energy conservation
Minimize displacement of the COM & muscle activation over BOS
Normal translation
M/L, 4cm
Sup/Inf, 2 cm
When is the COM highest?
Single Limb Support
When is COM lowest?
Double Limb Support
How much is the body vertical excursion?
2cm
Single Limb Support shifts?
4cm
What is a phase?
A portion of given movement cycle
What is an objective?
Basic requirement(s) of a given phase (Shock abs/Forward prog)
What is a critical event?
Joint/segment motion(s) or positions that are required to accomplish an objective for a given phase
(Measurable)
Objectives: LR
Shock Absorption (knee) Forward Progression (ankle) WB Stability (hip)
Objectives: MSt
Progression of COM over BOS (all)
Single Limb Stance Stability (hip/knee)
Objectives: TSt
Progression of COM beyond BOS (all)
Objectives: PSw
Initiate Limb Advancement (hip)