Pathogens Respiratory Transmission Flashcards
What is the gold std to test for TB?
Culture it
What is unique to Mycobacteria cell walls?
Mycolic acid, cord factor, wax D, Lipoarabinomannan
What is mycolic acid?
Basically a wax; makes mycobacteria difficult to kill; prevents lysozyme attack
What is cord factor?
It is toxic to mammals
What is Wax D?
An antigenic portion of the OM of mycobacteria
What is Lipoarabinomannan
Stimulates cytokine production in mammalian hosts
Presentation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Fatigue, fever, wt. loss, blood tinged sputum
Chronic cough that damages lungs
What is a granuloma?
Ball of immune cells that results from macrophages recruiting cells w/ cytokines. Trying to contain the infection/Isolate it
What is the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis?
Spread Respiratory Droplets; prevent phagolysosome fusion; cord factor is cytotoxic; cytokine mediated inflammation b/c body trying to kill, but bact. won’t die
What causes leprosy?
Mycobacterium Leprae
What are the 2 types of Leprosy?
Tuberculoid - macular lesions, unilat. n. involvement
Lepromatous - progressive nodular lesions, bilat. n. death, bone respiration, extremity loss
How do you treat leprosy?
Sulfone and rifampin. Reduces sulfone resistance
What is the most common nosocomial infect. in AIDs pts?
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
What looks like a “fried egg” on the Cx?
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
What is the difference b/w Mycobacteria and Mycoplasma?
The bact. has a unique cell wall, and the mycoplasma has no cell wall and only membranes
How does Mycoplasma pneumonia present?
Walking pneumonia or tracheobronchitis
Epidemiology of M. pneumonia
Transmitted via resp. droplet; common in school-age children; more common in winter
What is the main pathogenic factor in M. pneumonia?
Proline-rich adhesion protein that adheres to cells and is cytotoxic. NO INVASION of cells
What Mycoplasma produces urease?
Ureaplasma Urealyticum
What presents w/ Bilateral cervical lymph node enlargement and pseudomembrane formation in the back of the throat?
Corynebacterium diptheriae
How is the Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin obtained
beta-phage conversion
What does the A part of Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin do?
Binds to EGF-like receptor and is internalized
What does the B part of Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin do?
Binds NAD and ADP-ribosylates EF-2 stopping prot. synthesis
