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Microbiology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Define Antagonism in relation to antibiotics

A

1 Abx interferes with another

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2
Q

Define Synergism in relation to Abx

A

1 helps the other fxn better

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3
Q

How can you get rid of biofilms

A

Kill w/ cationic detergent; hydrolyze to release dead cells

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4
Q

What Abx affect DNA Replication

A

Ciprofloxacin

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5
Q

What Abx affect DNA

A

Nitrofurantoin

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6
Q

What Abx affect DNA structure

A

Metronidazole

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7
Q

What Abx affect Folate Synthesis

A

Sulfamethoxazole (can’t use in pregnancy)

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8
Q

What Abx affect Transcription

A

Rifampin via RNA Poly

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9
Q

What Abx affect Protein Synthesis via 30s subunit Ribosome

A

Gentamicin, Spectinomycin, Tetracycline

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10
Q

What Abx affect Protein Synthesis via 50s subunit Ribosome

A

Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin

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11
Q

What Abx affect Cell Wall Synthesis

A

Vancomycin, Ampicilin, Cephradine, Azetreoname

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12
Q

What Abx affect Cell Wall Permeability

A

Colistin

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13
Q

What Abx affect FA Synthesis

A

Triclosan

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14
Q

How do beta-lactams work

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidation and activate autolysins in cell wall

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15
Q

What 2 Abx can cross the blood brain barrier

A

3rd generation cephalosporins and rifampin

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16
Q

How does bacitracin work

A

Blocks the de~P of bactoprenol in cell wall synthesis

17
Q

How do glycopeptides work

A

Bind to the aa side chain and block transglycosylation and transpeptidation in cell wall synthesis (Vancomycin and Telavancin)

18
Q

What Abx are special for Mycobacterium

A

Isoniazid, ethionamide, ethambutol, pyrazinamide

19
Q

How does Isoniazid and ethionamide work

A

Inhibit pyridoxine step of mycolic acid synthesis

20
Q

How does ethambutol work

A

Inhibits araginogalactan synthesis

21
Q

How does pyrazinamide work

A

inhibits transtranslation to restart stalled ribosomes for DNA synthesis

22
Q

What Abx needs to be taken with Vit B6 pills (pyridoxine)

A

Isoniazid b/c it is a B6 analog

23
Q

How do polymyxins work

A

Dissolve phosphatidylethanolamine in G- membranes

24
Q

How does Daptomycin work

A

It disrupts the PMF

25
Q

How do fluoroquinolones work

A

They inhibit DNA gyrase so DNA gets tangled up

26
Q

How does Fidaxomycin work

A

Prevents interaction between DNA and RNA

27
Q

How does Rifamycin work

A

Blocks RNA Poly elongation subunit

28
Q

How does Metronidazole work

A

Breaks DNA

29
Q

How do aminoglycosides work

A

Bind to the 30S subunit and prevent tRNA attachment

30
Q

How does tetracycline work

A

Inhibits aa-tRNA to bind to 30S subunit

31
Q

How does Chloramphenicol work

A

Inhibits peptidyl transferase reaction on 50S subunit to make polypeptide

32
Q

How do Macrolides work

A

bind to rRNA and inhibit translocation of 50S subunit

33
Q

How do Lincosamides work

A

bind to rRNA and inhibit translocation of 50S subunit

Microbiology (6 decks)

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