Antibiotics Flashcards
Define Antagonism in relation to antibiotics
1 Abx interferes with another
Define Synergism in relation to Abx
1 helps the other fxn better
How can you get rid of biofilms
Kill w/ cationic detergent; hydrolyze to release dead cells
What Abx affect DNA Replication
Ciprofloxacin
What Abx affect DNA
Nitrofurantoin
What Abx affect DNA structure
Metronidazole
What Abx affect Folate Synthesis
Sulfamethoxazole (can’t use in pregnancy)
What Abx affect Transcription
Rifampin via RNA Poly
What Abx affect Protein Synthesis via 30s subunit Ribosome
Gentamicin, Spectinomycin, Tetracycline
What Abx affect Protein Synthesis via 50s subunit Ribosome
Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin
What Abx affect Cell Wall Synthesis
Vancomycin, Ampicilin, Cephradine, Azetreoname
What Abx affect Cell Wall Permeability
Colistin
What Abx affect FA Synthesis
Triclosan
How do beta-lactams work
Inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidation and activate autolysins in cell wall
What 2 Abx can cross the blood brain barrier
3rd generation cephalosporins and rifampin
How does bacitracin work
Blocks the de~P of bactoprenol in cell wall synthesis
How do glycopeptides work
Bind to the aa side chain and block transglycosylation and transpeptidation in cell wall synthesis (Vancomycin and Telavancin)
What Abx are special for Mycobacterium
Isoniazid, ethionamide, ethambutol, pyrazinamide
How does Isoniazid and ethionamide work
Inhibit pyridoxine step of mycolic acid synthesis
How does ethambutol work
Inhibits araginogalactan synthesis
How does pyrazinamide work
inhibits transtranslation to restart stalled ribosomes for DNA synthesis
What Abx needs to be taken with Vit B6 pills (pyridoxine)
Isoniazid b/c it is a B6 analog
How do polymyxins work
Dissolve phosphatidylethanolamine in G- membranes
How does Daptomycin work
It disrupts the PMF
