Pathogens Affecting Cardio/Lymph systems Flashcards
Which virus is associated w/ “owl eyes” inclusions?
Cytomegalovirus
Monitoring which antibody is the best method to identify CMV?
IgG
(T/F) A positive CMV test > 2-3 weeks after birth control cannot distinguish b/w congenital infection and infection that occurred after birth
TRUE
Which virus is injected into the skin via Aedes aegypti and is associated with jaundice?
yellow fever virus
What are the main reservoirs for yellow fever?
nonhuman and human primates
(T/F) Pt may viremic 2-4 days prior to sx with yellow fever virus
FALSE; 3-6 days
In 15% of pts, the toxic phase is next and includes what type of sx:
Hemorrhagic sx:
- black vomit
- epistaxis
- gum bleeding & purpuric hemorrhages
Which antibodies would the ELISA detect for diagnosing yellow fever?
IgM & IgG
What tx should you give for yellow fever and what should you NOT give?
give live virus vaccine (YF-Vax)
do NOT give aspirin
Which virus is associated with high fever & severe joint pain and is related to viruses causing western and eastern equine encephalitis?
Chikungunya fever
What’s transmitted by A.aegypti and is endemic to tropical environments and presents with a rash that usually appears as fever subsides?
Dengue fever
The classic hallmark of DHF is evidence of what?
vascular leakage
Subcutaneous hemorrhage in DHF can be diagnosed via ELISA of which antibody?
IgM
Which virus is transmitted from african monkeys and causes headache, high fever, vomiting blood, profuse bleeding internally/externally?
Marburg virus; green monkey virus
What is caused by Arena virus which is found in rodent urine. This disease is similar to Argentine and Bolivian hemorrhagic fever?
Lassa fever
Which disease comes from the cave-dwelling fruit bat and is spread by contact w/ infected body fluids?
Ebola hemorrhagic fever (ebola virus)
(T/F) Ebola can only be spread to others AFTER sx begin
True
What came from chimpanzees and comes from the genus, lentivirus?
HIV
HIV is composed of 2 identical strands of RNA, reverse transcriptase, phospholipid envelope. It’s associated with what spikes?
gp120 glycoprotein spikes
gp120 combines with which 2 molecules?
gp120 combines w/ CD4+ receptor and CCR5 or CXCR4 co-receptors
Active vs Latent infxn for HIV:
Active: new viruses bud from the host cell
Latent: DNA is hidden in chromosome as a provirus
(T/F) the HIV virus undergoes rapid antigenic changes and high rate of mutation
TRUE
Which HIV subtype is related to viruses that infect chimpanzees & gorillas?
HIV-1
Which HIV subtype is related to viruses that infect monkeys and sootey mangabeys?
HIV-2
What occurs in phase 2 of an HIV infxn?
CD4+ T cells decline steadily
What occurs in phase 3 of an HIV infxn?
AIDS develops; CD4+ count is below 200 cells/uL
(T/F) Once HIV establishes a pool of latently infected CD4+ T cells, it is impossible to clear the infxn
TRUE
What is seroconversion?
the period of time b/w infxn and the appearance of antibodies
What is determined by PCR or nucleic acid hybridization?
Plasma Viral Load (PVL)
For HIV transmission, what type of intercourse is the most dangerous form of sexual contact?
anal-receptive intercourse
What 2 drugs can be used to tx AIDS because they prevent fusion/cell entry by targeting the gp41 region of the viral envelope?
Enfuvirtide & Maraviroc
What type of therapy uses combinations of drugs to minimize survival of resistant strains?
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
Which suffix do HIV integrase inhibitors have?
- “gravir”
- i.e: Raltegravir
Which suffix do protease inhibitors have?
“-navir”
(T/F) Maturation inhibitors can be used to tx AIDS
TRUE
What do tetherins do?
Tether viruses to the cells, preventing their release and spread
4th generation tests detect what?
Ab & p24
What is PEP for HIV?
3 drug regimen:
- tenofovir-emtricitabine+ raltegravir OR
- tenofovir-emtricitabine+ atazanavir-ritonavir OR
- darunavir-ritonavir
An ideal vaccine for HIV would be:
induce immunity before reservoirs of latent virus are established and stimulate production of CTLs
Differentiate b/w sarcoma & adenocarcinoma:
sarcoma: cancer of connective tissue
adenocarcinoma; cancers of glandular epithelial tissue
what type of viruses become integrated into the host cell’s DNA and induce tumors?
oncogenic viruses
A transformed cell harbors a ____ on the surface and a ___ in the nucleus
tumor-specific transplant antigen (TSTA); T antigen
What can cause ATLL?
HTLV-1 (more clinically significant)
what causes hairy cell leukemia?
HTLV-2
(T/F) HTLV-1 has a long latency period and infects T cells
True
In HTLV-1, T cells express high levels of what?
IL-2R
