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Heme/Lymph Block > Pathogens Affecting Cardio/Lymph systems > Flashcards

Pathogens Affecting Cardio/Lymph systems Flashcards

1
Q

Which virus is associated w/ “owl eyes” inclusions?

A

Cytomegalovirus

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2
Q

Monitoring which antibody is the best method to identify CMV?

A

IgG

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3
Q

(T/F) A positive CMV test > 2-3 weeks after birth control cannot distinguish b/w congenital infection and infection that occurred after birth

A

TRUE

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4
Q

Which virus is injected into the skin via Aedes aegypti and is associated with jaundice?

A

yellow fever virus

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5
Q

What are the main reservoirs for yellow fever?

A

nonhuman and human primates

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6
Q

(T/F) Pt may viremic 2-4 days prior to sx with yellow fever virus

A

FALSE; 3-6 days

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7
Q

In 15% of pts, the toxic phase is next and includes what type of sx:

A

Hemorrhagic sx:

  • black vomit
  • epistaxis
  • gum bleeding & purpuric hemorrhages
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8
Q

Which antibodies would the ELISA detect for diagnosing yellow fever?

A

IgM & IgG

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9
Q

What tx should you give for yellow fever and what should you NOT give?

A

give live virus vaccine (YF-Vax)

do NOT give aspirin

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10
Q

Which virus is associated with high fever & severe joint pain and is related to viruses causing western and eastern equine encephalitis?

A

Chikungunya fever

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11
Q

What’s transmitted by A.aegypti and is endemic to tropical environments and presents with a rash that usually appears as fever subsides?

A

Dengue fever

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12
Q

The classic hallmark of DHF is evidence of what?

A

vascular leakage

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13
Q

Subcutaneous hemorrhage in DHF can be diagnosed via ELISA of which antibody?

A

IgM

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14
Q

Which virus is transmitted from african monkeys and causes headache, high fever, vomiting blood, profuse bleeding internally/externally?

A

Marburg virus; green monkey virus

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15
Q

What is caused by Arena virus which is found in rodent urine. This disease is similar to Argentine and Bolivian hemorrhagic fever?

A

Lassa fever

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16
Q

Which disease comes from the cave-dwelling fruit bat and is spread by contact w/ infected body fluids?

A

Ebola hemorrhagic fever (ebola virus)

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17
Q

(T/F) Ebola can only be spread to others AFTER sx begin

A

True

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18
Q

What came from chimpanzees and comes from the genus, lentivirus?

A

HIV

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19
Q

HIV is composed of 2 identical strands of RNA, reverse transcriptase, phospholipid envelope. It’s associated with what spikes?

A

gp120 glycoprotein spikes

20
Q

gp120 combines with which 2 molecules?

A

gp120 combines w/ CD4+ receptor and CCR5 or CXCR4 co-receptors

21
Q

Active vs Latent infxn for HIV:

A

Active: new viruses bud from the host cell
Latent: DNA is hidden in chromosome as a provirus

22
Q

(T/F) the HIV virus undergoes rapid antigenic changes and high rate of mutation

A

TRUE

23
Q

Which HIV subtype is related to viruses that infect chimpanzees & gorillas?

A

HIV-1

24
Q

Which HIV subtype is related to viruses that infect monkeys and sootey mangabeys?

A

HIV-2

25
Q

What occurs in phase 2 of an HIV infxn?

A

CD4+ T cells decline steadily

26
Q

What occurs in phase 3 of an HIV infxn?

A

AIDS develops; CD4+ count is below 200 cells/uL

27
Q

(T/F) Once HIV establishes a pool of latently infected CD4+ T cells, it is impossible to clear the infxn

A

TRUE

28
Q

What is seroconversion?

A

the period of time b/w infxn and the appearance of antibodies

29
Q

What is determined by PCR or nucleic acid hybridization?

A

Plasma Viral Load (PVL)

30
Q

For HIV transmission, what type of intercourse is the most dangerous form of sexual contact?

A

anal-receptive intercourse

31
Q

What 2 drugs can be used to tx AIDS because they prevent fusion/cell entry by targeting the gp41 region of the viral envelope?

A

Enfuvirtide & Maraviroc

32
Q

What type of therapy uses combinations of drugs to minimize survival of resistant strains?

A

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

33
Q

Which suffix do HIV integrase inhibitors have?

A
  • “gravir”

- i.e: Raltegravir

34
Q

Which suffix do protease inhibitors have?

A

“-navir”

35
Q

(T/F) Maturation inhibitors can be used to tx AIDS

A

TRUE

36
Q

What do tetherins do?

A

Tether viruses to the cells, preventing their release and spread

37
Q

4th generation tests detect what?

A

Ab & p24

38
Q

What is PEP for HIV?

A

3 drug regimen:

  • tenofovir-emtricitabine+ raltegravir OR
  • tenofovir-emtricitabine+ atazanavir-ritonavir OR
  • darunavir-ritonavir
39
Q

An ideal vaccine for HIV would be:

A

induce immunity before reservoirs of latent virus are established and stimulate production of CTLs

40
Q

Differentiate b/w sarcoma & adenocarcinoma:

A

sarcoma: cancer of connective tissue

adenocarcinoma; cancers of glandular epithelial tissue

41
Q

what type of viruses become integrated into the host cell’s DNA and induce tumors?

A

oncogenic viruses

42
Q

A transformed cell harbors a ____ on the surface and a ___ in the nucleus

A

tumor-specific transplant antigen (TSTA); T antigen

43
Q

What can cause ATLL?

A

HTLV-1 (more clinically significant)

44
Q

what causes hairy cell leukemia?

A

HTLV-2

45
Q

(T/F) HTLV-1 has a long latency period and infects T cells

A

True

46
Q

In HTLV-1, T cells express high levels of what?

A

IL-2R

Heme/Lymph Block (4 decks)

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