Nutrition Care in Blood/Lymph Disorders Flashcards
Which nutritional component provides energy supply in RBC formation and metabolism?
macronutrients
Which nutritional component is used to make Hb and carrier proteins, and help with fluid balance (hydrostatic pressure)?
amino acids
Which nutritional component is used to make cellular membranes?
lipids
Which nutritional component is involved in the formation of blood components?
micronutrients
Which micronutrients are in widespread deficiency in the US?
- Vit D, E, K
- calcium
- iron
- Mg, K+
Which micronutrients are in moderate deficiency in the US?
- Vit B6, Folate, C, A
- Phosphorus
- Zinc
Which micronutrients are in mild deficiency in the US?
- Thiamin/Vit B1
- Riboflavin/Vit B2
- Vit B12
- Copper
- Selenium
Deficiency in which 2 nutrients correlates with megaloblastic anemia?
Vit B9 (folate) Vit B12 (Cobalamin)
Deficiency in which nutrient correlates with microcytic hypo chromic anemia?
iron
What 3 related factors may alter requirements and/or demand for blood-forming nutrients?
- validated screening tools
- adequate energy for healthy weight
- altered micronutrient needs
ICD -10 Code Level of severity for Unspecified severe protein-calorie malnutrition?
E43
ICD -10 Code Level of severity for Moderate severe protein-calorie malnutrition?
E44.0
what are the 6 characteristics in diagnosing malnutrition?
- Weight loss
- insufficient energy intake
- loss of subcutaneous fat
- loss of muscle mass
- localized or generalized fluid accumulation
- Diminished functional status
Individuals that consume a vegetarian meal plan w/o supplementation will most likely have what micronutrient deficiency?
iron deficiency
bioavailability of iron depends on:
- rate of absorption based on iron status of individual
- form of iron in diet
- iron absorption can be inhibited
What physical effects are associated w/ iron deficiency anemia?
pale skin, inside of lower eyelid may be light pink, fingernails have koilonychia
5 things to maximize iron absorption and prevent iron deficiency anemia:
- improve food choices
- include source of Vit C at every meal
- include heme containing meat
- Avoid drinking large amounts of tea/coffee
- Women of childbearing age should eat foods high in heme-iron & plant rich foods
(T/F) Ferrous iron is best absorbed when the stomach is empty
TRUE
Daily dose of elemental iron should be what for adults and what for children?
Adults: 50-200 mg
Kids: 6mg/kg of body weight for children
What is a clinical attribute of B12 deficiency?
reversible dementia due to B12 role in fatty acid pathways & myelin synthesis
High risk groups for B12 deficiency?
- family hx
- chron’s
- autoimmune diseases
- HIV/AIDs
- VEGANS
Biomarkers for folate deficiency?
elevated homocysteine, normal methylmalonic acid
Which disease is common in African & Mediterranean descents and are already at risk for malnutrition?
sickle cell
Meal plan for SCD pt?
high protein/high calorie
what is a critical factor in nutrition in HIV pts?
nutrition-focused physical exam
Nutritional prevention for cancer?
Eat foods of plant-based origin
Define allogenic:
collected from related or matched unrelated donor
- most intense oncology tx
(T/F) Need increased energy and protein needs for stem cell transplant nutritional car e
TRUE
Therapeutic concept of a low microbial diets?
avoid ingestion of microbial agents from foodborne pathogens during tx in HSCT or chemo
What should you avoid in low microbial diet?
avoid raw meat, salad bars & buffets, avoid mold-ripened and blue-veined cheeses
High risk groups for malnutrition include:
- those w/ elevated needs for growth and anabolism
- impaired ability to consume adequate amounts
- conditions which alter normal patterns of nutrient utilization
