Pathogens

Question 0

Name 2 diseases caused by bacteria

Answer 0

TB

Food Poisoning

Question 1

What are pathogens?

Answer 1

Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease

Question 2

What are the two types of pathogen?

Answer 2

Bacteria

Virus

Question 3

Which pathogen is the smallest?

Answer 3

Virus

Question 4

Which pathogen can be used to create food?

Answer 4

Bacteria

Question 5

Once in your body how do bacteria cause disease?

Answer 5

They release toxins and multiply rapidly

Question 6

Once in your body how do virus’ cause disease?

Answer 6

They infect your blood stream and burst cells

Question 7

What causes infectious diseases?

Answer 7

Pathogens

Question 8

Give 2 examples of infectious diseases

Answer 8

Conjunctivitis

Cold/cough

Question 9

Give 2 examples of uses of bacteria

Answer 9

Cheese

Yoghurt

Question 10

How do air passages defend the body against disease?

Answer 10

Goblet cells lining the respiratory passage produce a sticky substance called mucus, which traps the pathogens

Question 11

How does the stomach defend the body against disease?

Answer 11

The stomach is lined with Gastric glands which produce hydrochloric acid which destroys Microorganisms (pathogens)

Question 12

How does the ear defend its self from infection?

Answer 12

The ear is lined with small hairs and glands. Glands produce wax which traps dust and microorganisms.

Question 13

How does the eye defend the body from disease?

Answer 13

Blinking prevents entry of pathogens, tears contain antibacterial enzyme and the eye is covered with a thin membrane called the conjunctiva

Question 14

How do cuts protect the body from disease?

Answer 14

Blood clotting prevents the entry of Microorganisms through cuts.

Question 15

How does the skin protect the body from disease?

Answer 15

The skin contains many layers of tough cells, which act as a physical barrier to the outside. This prevents the entry of pathogens

Question 16

Explain how phagocytosis defends the body

Answer 16

This white blood cell engulfs the pathogen and then destroys it.

Question 17

How do antibodies protect the body from disease?

Answer 17

These white blood cells matches the pathogen exactly to prevent the pathogen from spreading. The cell remembers the shape, so if the pathogen comes back they can destroy it quickly

Question 18

How do antitoxins protect the body from disease?

Answer 18

They neutralise toxins released by pathogens

Question 19

What is a categoric variable?

Answer 19

Data measured as a specific label

Eg. Eye colour

Question 20

What is the continuous variable

Answer 20

Data measured using a scale

Eg. Temperature

Question 21

What is the independent variable

Answer 21

The variable that you change

I control the Independent

Question 22

What is the dependant variable?

Answer 22

The variable that you measure

Question 23

What is the control variable?

Answer 23

The variable that you keep the same

Question 24

How does a vaccine usually get into your body?

Answer 24

By injection

Question 25

How does a vaccine work?

Answer 25

1. Dead or a weakened pathogen is injected into the body (the vaccination)
2. Cells find the dead or weakened pathogens and start the process of making the specific antibody. This process can take a few days. The pathogen isn’t deadly as it has been weakened.
3. When the antibody has been made it kills the pathogen (if it is still alive).
4. If the pathogen gets into your system again, but it is alive your body can make the antibody again quickly as it remembers the pathogen from before.